Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 16.djvu/876

* REDUPLICATION. 7T4 REDWOOD. GLENODINIDM. 'touched,' from tekun. The original force of the reduplication seems to have been intensive or perfective. This view explains its use in the jjerfect and aorist tenses of the verb, and also its employment in the Sanskrit intensive and desid- eratives. Its occurrence in nouns is probably based on analogy with its normal use in the conjugation of verbs. BED WATER. At times the water of the open sea near coast lines and of harbors more or less suddenly turns red, and at the same time the phenomenon is accompanied by the death of fishes and molluscs in great quantities. This has been found to be due to the presence in enormous numbers of iin animalcule known as Peridinium (or Glcnodinium). This is an in- fusorial form representing a singular type of flagellate pi'o- tozoa, class Mastigophora and order Dinoflagellata. It differs from ordinary flagellate infuso- ria by being protected by a re- markable and often beautifully ornamented and com]ile. shell formed of cellulose. The body is nearly symmetrical ; from a longitudinal groove springs a large flagellum, while a second flagellum lies in a transverse groove. The protoplasm in one species examined contains chromatophores col- ored with chlorophyll, or an allied pigment of a yellow color, called 'diatomin.' Other forms live in fresh water. In Hertwig's Zoology it is stated that these organisms have recently been placed near the plants because with their brown chromatophores their food relations are like those of plants, al- though the taking of solid food by a mouth- opening has been observed. The armor, formed of cellulose plates, is also plant-like. Tlie pig- ment appears to vary in hue in difl'erent species, being yellow, brown, or reddish brown. RED-WATER, Bloody Urine, :Moor-Ili,, Haematuria. a disease of cattle, and occasion- ally of sheep, attributed to eating coarse, indi- gestible, innutritive food, continued exposure to inclement weather, and other indefinite causes. Attention to the proper nutrition of the stock, a supply of good water, and the improvement of pastures by draining, liming, and manuring, have been recommended as preventives. RED WHELK. The common Spindleshell (q.v.). RED WING. A city and the county-seat of Goodhue County, Minn,, 40 miles southeast of Saint Paul, on the Mississippi River, here spanned by a high bridge, and on the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul, and branches of the Chicago and Northwestern and the Chicago Great Western railroads (Map: Minnesota, F 6). It lias a State training school, the Hauge Seminary, the Lutheran Ladies' Seminary, and city and private hospitals. Red Wing is situated in a rich agricultural region, but is better known for its manufactures, which include stonewai-e, sewer pipe, furniture, linseed oil, malt, beer, lime, hats, flour, lumber products, and shoe specialties. The government is vested in a mayor, elected biennially, and a unicameral council. Settled in 1845, Red Wing was incorporated in 18.58. Pop- ulation, in 1890, G294; in 1900, 7525. REDWING. (1) An American blackbird (Agelaius plurniceiis) of the oriole family (Ic- teridae). The male in full plumage is jet-black, with the bend of the wing bright scarlet, bor- dered with buir. The female is variegated with brown and buft', black and white. The redwing is 9% inches long. It breeds throughout the United States, but winters from Virginia south- ward. The nest is built of coarse grass and rushes among the bushes or reeds of a swamp, and the eggs are pale blue, with peculiar pen- stroke markings of dark purple or black. (See Colored Plate of Ecus of A.merican Song Birds.) The note is a loud clear call well imitated by the syllables cong-ka-rce, the last one accented and prolonged. The redwing is one of the first of the spring migrants in the Northern United States, and often appears in large flocks. Even when breeding the birds are more or less sociable, and several pairs are usually found in the same marsh. Like its relatives, the other blackbirds and the' bobolink, the redwing feeds on both in- sects and seeds, and .also enjoys unripe corn or grain, and occasionally raids the maize fields to a destructive extent. See Blackbird, (2) An English thrush (Turdus ilkicus) which spends the summer in the northern parts of Europe and Asia, and migrates southward in winter as far as the Mediterranean. The general color is a rich clove-1)rown on the head, upper parts of the body, and tail; the lower parts whitish, tinged and streaked with brown; the under wing-coverts and .axillary feathers bright reddish orange. The redwing congregates in large flock.s and has an exquisite song, (3) One of several other birds with red on the wings, as one of the South African par- tridges (Francolinus Le Vaillanti). REDWITZ, red'vits, OsKAR, Baron von (182.3- 91 ) . A German poet, dramatist, and novelist, born iii Lichtenau, near Ansbach. He is beat laiovn for his ultrapatriotic poem Das Lied vom neucn deutschen Reich (1871, 11th ed, 1876). Other noteworthy poems by him are Amaranth (1849, 36th ed.'lSSG) and Odilio (1876), A novel, Hermann fitark (1868), and the dramas Philippine Welser (1859), Der Ziinft- meister ron. yUrnherg (1800), and Der Doge von Yenedig (1863) may also be named. REDWOOD {Sequoia sem- pervirens). A California coni- fer which grows upon the Pacific Coast mountains and is next in size to the Hequoia giganten, or 'big tree.' (See Seql'oia.) It often attains a height of 250 feet, and some- times 300 feet, with a diam- eter, in the largest, of 15 feet. The young wood is red, but on exposure to the air and light it sometimes fades. The timber, which is common on the Pacific Coast, is soft, ■ straight-grained, easily worked. ■ durable, and well suited for inside finishing of houses, since it takes a good polish. The redwood sends up suckers from the stumps, and seeds itself well, so that the forests are maintained. Redwood is also a name given BRANCH OF WOOD.