Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 16.djvu/786

RANDOLPH. iicricaii Statesmen (Boston, 1S82) ; and Trent, uthcni statesmen of the Old Regime (New Am Southc: York, 1806).

RANDOLPH, Peyton (1723-75). An Ameri- can patriot 01 the Revolutionary period. He was born in Virginia, graduated at William and Jlary College, studied law at the Temple in London, and'iu 1748 became the Royal Attorney- General lor tlie Colony of Virginia. In the same year he became a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses, and served as chairman of a com- mittee to revise the laws of Virginia. In 1764 he framed the remonstrance of the Burgesses against the threatened Stamp Act. In 1766 he resigned the office of Attorney-General, and de- voted iiimself to furthering the cause of the Patriot or Wliig Party, serving as chairman of the Committee of Correspondence and as presi- dent of the Virginia Convention of 1774. In the latter year he was chosen a delegate to the Con- tinental Congress at Philadelphia, and was unanimously elected president of that body upon its assembling at Carpenter's Hall, September 5th. In 1775 he was again elected to the Con- tinental Congress and again chosen president. In the same year he presided over the second A'irginia Convention, and served as Speaker of the House of Burgesses. Shortly after his re- turn to Congress he died suddenly of apoplexy.

RANDOLPH, Thomas (1523-90). An Eng- lish courtier and diplomat. He was educated at O.xford. and remained there until the Protestant persecutions in Mary's reign. Elizabeth sent him on missions to Ciermany and Scotland, where he mingled in all the complex politio«tl dealings between England and Scotland from 1559 until 1580. Mary banished him from her Court in 1560 on the charge of being concerned in Moray's rebellion: and he was afterwards sent on em- bassies to Russia (15681 and Paris (1573 and 1576). Several of his letters have been pre- served ; they give a vivid picture of the plots and counterplots at Mary's Court.

RANDOLPH, Thomas (1605-35). An Eng- lish playwrigiit, educated at Westminster School and at Trinity College, Cambridge, of which he was elected a fellow in 1632. Except for visits to London, where lie met Ben Jonson and other wits at the Devil Tavern, he passed his time at the university. He gained a reputation for grace- ful Latin and English verse and for dramatic per- formances arranged for the students. Aristippus, or the Jovial Philosopher (1630), a drama in verse and prose, is a satire on university educa- tion. With it was published the Conceited Pedler. a monologue of a rogue much like Shake- speare's Autolycus. There appeared posthumously a volume entitled Poems, irith the Muses' Look- iiifi-Glasse and Amyntas (1638),* bound with Milton's Comiis. The il uses' Looking-Glasse is a witty comedy and Amjnitas is a pastoral drama adapted from the Italian. To Randolph have been ascribed a pleasant comedy, Be;/ for Honesty (published 1651), and a Latin comedy, Cornelianuni Dolinm (1638). Consult his Poefj- cal and Dramatic Works, ed. by Hazlitt (2 vols., London. 1875).

RANDOLPH, Thomas Jefferson (1792- 1875). An American statesman, born at ^lonti- cello. Va. He was the oldest grandson of Thomas Jefferson, and paid the debts that .Jefferson left at his deatli. He also acted as Jefferson's lit- terary executor, and in 1829 published Life and Correspondence of Thomas Jefferson (4 vols.). As a member of the Virginia Legislature, he in 1829 introduced a post-natal plan for the gradual abolition of slavery, but the bill was defeated in the following year. In 1851-52 he was a member of the State Constitutional Convention, and for seven years was rector of the State Uni- versity. In 1872 he presided over the Demo- cratic' National Convention that nominated Horace Greeley for the Presidency.

RANDOLPH-MACON SYSTEM OF COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES. A system of five collegiate and preparatory institutions in Virginia, under Methodist control, and managed by one board of trustees, comprising a college for men, with two academies, and a college for women, with one academy. The organization is designed to secure close correlation between the preparatory school and the college, with economy of time and expense to both. Randolph-Macon College, for men, the parent institution of the system, was chartered in 1830 and opened in 1832 at Boydton, Va. The college was closed during the Civil War and was reopened in 1806. In 1807 it was removed to its present location, at Ashland, Va. It has no professional schools. The course is partially elective and leads to the degrees of bachelor and master of arts. Students for the ministry are exempt from tuition fees. The college had in 1902 a faculty of 10 instruc- tors, 127 students of collegiate grade, an endow- ment of .9300.000. an income of $20,000, grounds and buildings valued at $95,400, the total value of the college property being estimated at $119.- 979. The library contained 10,000 volumes. The feeding schools of the college are the Randolph- ilacon Academy, at Bedford City, Va., estab- lished in 1890. and the Randolph-Macon Academy, at Front Royal, Va., established in 1892. Randolpli-Macon Woman's College was estab- lished in 1891 at Lynchburg. Va. In 1902 its attendance was 276, faculty 26. It has grounds of 25 acres, valued with the buildings at $165.- 000, an endowment of $100,000, with a total property valuation of about $275,000. Its in- come for 1902 was $87,500, Its library con- tained 4000 volumes. Its preparatory school, the Randolph-Macon Institute, at Danville, Va., was admitted in 1897. The chancellor of the system is William W. Smith.

RANELAGH, ranVla. A popular resort in Chelsea, England, well known during the eigh- teenth century. The plot of ground, on Avhich the building stood from 1742 to 1803. had be- longed to the Earl of Ranelagh. The structure was a wooden rotunda built in imitation of the Pantheon at Rome, and could accommodate more than 6000 guests. The place was at one time frequented by the most fashionable society and by writers like .Johnson and Goldsmitli. After 1788 a rapid decline began, and in 1803 the building was demolished.

RANENBUBG, r'a'nyen-boorg. A town in the Government of Ryazan. Russia, about 230 miles southeast of JIoscow. The place was granted in 1702 by Peter I. to Mentchikoff. It subsequently served as a place of exile for Mentchikoff himself and for Anna Karlovna. Population, in 1897, 15.347.

RANGABE, r.ix'ga'ba', or RHANGA'WIS, ALtxAXDEos Rizos (1810-92). A Greek author!