Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 16.djvu/784

RANCAGUA. ricli agricultural district on the railroad 40 miles south of Santiago (Jlap: Chile, C 10). In 1814 it vas the scene of an important battle in which the patriot forces were defeated by the Spaniards. Population, in 1895, 0700.

RANCE, rilK'su', Domixique Aemand .Teais" Leboutiiillier DE ( lOiO-lTOO ) . The founder of the reformed order of La Trappe. (See Trap- PI.STS.) He was born in Paris January 9, 1G20, and educated there. Having taken his degree in the Sorbonne, he soon became distinguished as a preacher, and through the favor of Cardinal Kichelieu obtained more than one valuable bene- fice. He succeeded while yet a young man to a large fortune, and lived a careless and irreg- ular life. After a time, however, having forfeited the favor of Cardinal Mazarin. and deeply moved by the sudden death of the Ducliess de Jlonlbazon, to wliom he was much attached, he resigned all his preferments with the excep- tion of the abbacy of La Trappe, in Nor- mandy, to which he retired in 1662, with the intention of restoring the strict disci- pline of the Order. He lived in this seclusion for the rest of his life, and published a large number of works, chiefly ascetical. The only remarkable event of liis literary life was his controversy with ilabillon. in rei)ly to his Etudes monastiques, on the subject of the studies projier for the monastic life. He also wrote De la sciin- tetc ct (Ics devoirs de Id vie monastiriiie (108.3; Eng. trans., A Treatise on ihe Hanctitij and on the Dutiesiof the Monastic State, Dublin. 1830). In his youth he had edited the works of Ana- ereon, with translation and notes (1030), and dedicated the book to Cardinal Richelieu. He died at La Trappe, October 27, 1700. iligne re- printed his CEiirres oraloires. Consult his Life bv C. Butler (London, 1814), and by Dubois (Paris, 1866).

RAND. A popular designation for the gold- bearing Witwatersrand (q.v.) reef in the Trans- vaal Colony, South Africa.

RANDA, ran'da, AxTOX (1834—). An Aus- trian jurist, born at Bistritz. He studied law at Prague, where he afterwards became iirofessor of Austrian civil law. In 1881 he was appointed life memlier of the Austrian House of Peers, and soon afterwards he was made a member of the Imperial Court of .Tustice. He is considered one of the highest anthorities on Austrian civil law. His publications include Der Besitz nach ostcr- reichischem Reehle (186.5-95), which is his chief work, and Der Eriverh der Erbschaft (1867).

RAN'DALL, Alexander Williams (1810- 72). An American public official, born in Ames, N. Y. He was admitted to the bar. and in 1840 began practice in Waukesha, Wisconsin. In 1855 he was elected to the State Legislature, in the same year was appointed a jiidge of the Circuit Coiirt, and in 1857 and 1859 was elected Ciovernor of Wisconsin. In 1861 he was ap- pointed by President Lincoln United States ]linister to Italy, and upon his return in 1802 became First Assistant Postmaster-General. From 1860 to 1869 he was Postmaster-General.

RANDALL, James Ryder (1839—). An American poet and Journalist, born in Baltimore, Maryland, .January 1. 1839. After being edu- cated at Georgetown College where, on account of ill health, he did not graduate, he spent some time traveling in South America, but he returned to the United States and began newspaper work in Louisiana before the beginning of the Civil War. The news of the fighting in Baltimore when the Massacliusetts troops passed tlirough the city inspired him to write his famous "Mary- land, My Jlaryland," which was at once set to nnisic and with "Dixie" became the most popular of Confederate songs. For sheer poetic merit it is thouglit b}' some to be the best martial lyric composed by any American. IMr. Randall wrote other war lyrics, some of which are good, but his fame rests upon the poem that first made him famous. At the close of the war he became an active journalist and was for many years editor of The Constitutionalist of Augusta, Geor- gia.

RANDALL, Samuel Jack.son (1828-90). An American political leader and legislator, Speaker of the National House.- of Representa- tives from 1876 to 1881. He was the son of .losiah Randall, a prominent lawyer of Philadelphia, where he was born. There lie was educated at the L'niversity Academy. He early became prom- inent in the" Whig Party, on the break-up of wliicii both he and liis father joined the Demo- cratic Party. In 1858 he was elected a member of the State Senate. At the outbreak of the" Civil War he went to the front with the ninety- day men as a private in the First Philadelphia City Troop. At the time of Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania in 1863, he recruited a company of which he became captain, and served also as a provost marshal. In November. 1862, he was chosen as a Democrat to represent the First Pennsylvania District in Congress, to which lie was thirteen times successively reelected. In the Forty-third Congress (1873-75) he was placed on tile Committee on Rules with Blaine. Banks, Garfield, and Cox, and by directing the Demo- cratic opposition to the 'Force Bill' won general recognition as the leader of his party in the House. At the opening of the Forty-fourtli Con- gress he was appointed chairman of the Commit- tee on Appropriations. In December, 1876, hej was elected to succeed Speaker Kerr, who hadj died during the recess of Congress, and thus was called upon to preside during the exciting and critical period of the disputed Hayes-Tilden election. He was reelected Speaker of the Forty- fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses (1877-81). After about 1883 Randall became the leader of a small group of Democrat protectionists wlio con- sistently opposed all attempts at tariff reform. At the Democratic national convention of 1880 he received .I28I2 votes on the second ballot for the nomination to the Presidency. With his Pennsylvanian constituents his influence an<l pop- ularity remained strong to the last, and in his last two elections to Congress he was unopposed by the Republicans.

RANDAZZO, ran-diit'so. A town in the Province of Catania, Sicily, situated on the north- ern slope of Mount Etna,' 26 miles by rail north- northwest of Catania (Map: Italy, J 10). There is trade in wine, oil, and cheese. Population (eommuno), in 1901, 11.798.

RANDEGGER, riin'deg-ger. Alberto (1832— ). An Austrian-English composer, born at Triest. He was a pupil of Lafont in piano, and of Luigi Ricci in composition, and with two other young composers, produced two ballets