Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 16.djvu/773

RALEGH. Spanish Ambassador protested, and Ralegh was ordered not to engage in any hostilities against the Spaniards, on penalty of his life. He sailed on June 17, 1617, and encountered an unbroken series of misfortunes. During the voyage the Spanish settlement of San Tomas was attacked and destroyed. Upon his return to England he was at once arrested, and after some deliberation was executed, by virtue of the former sentence, on October 29, 1618. During his long imprisonment in the Tower he wrote the History of the World, one of the monuments of Elizabethan literature. He also wrote treatises on religious and philosophical subjects, and several poems of merit. The chief lives of Ralegh are those by William Stebbing (1891), Edmund Gosse (1886), and Edward Edwards (1868), who also published Ralegh's letters.

 RALEIGH,. A city, the county-seat of Wake County, and the capital of North Carolina, 148 miles north-northwest of Wilmington; on the Southern and the Seaboard Air Line railroads (Map:, D 2). It is situated at an elevation of about 320 feet, and has a number of fine buildings, the State Capitol occupying a prominent site in a small square near the centre of the city. Other noteworthy structures are the post-office, the Governor's mansion, State Insane Asylum, State Institution for the Blind with separate departments for white and colored, the State Penitentiary, and the State Geological Museum. Raleigh is noted for its educational institutions, which include the State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, opened in 1889, Peace Institute (Presbyterian), Saint Mary's School (Protestant Episcopal), Raleigh Male Academy, and the Baptist Female University; and for colored students, Shaw University (Baptist), opened in 1865, and Saint Augustine's Normal School and Collegiate Institute (Protestant Episcopal). Among the libraries in the city are the Olivia Raney (public), with 6000 volumes; the State, having 35,000 volumes; and the Supreme Court, with more than 13,000 volumes. Pullen Park, and the Confederate and National cemeteries, the latter having 1207 graves, 572 of unknown dead, are also of interest.

Raleigh is a large cotton and tobacco market, and industrially is of considerable importance, its manufactures in the census year of 1900 representing an invested capital of $1,611,000, and having products valued at $2,204,000. The principal establishments include cotton mills, car and wheel works, phosphate works, foundries and machine shops, cottonseed-oil mills, flouring mills, wood-working mills, etc. The government is administered under a charter of 1899, which provides for a mayor, elected biennially, and a unicameral council that controls elections of subordinate officials, excepting the tax collector and city clerk, who are chosen by popular vote. Population, in 1890, 12,678; in 1900, 13,643. The site of Raleigh was selected as a location of the permanent capital of the State in 1792, and in the same year the city was laid out and named in honor of Sir Walter Ralegh. In 1794 the Legislature met here for the first time, and by acts of 1795 and 1803 Raleigh was incorporated. General Sherman occupied the city during a part of 1865. Consult Battle, The Early History of Raleigh (Raleigh, 1893).

 RALEIGH, (1817-80). An English Congregational minister. He was born in Scotland; educated at the Lancashire Independent College, Manchester; and after holding charges at different places became a pastor in London (1858), and so continued till his death. He was highly honored by his brethren, being chairman of the Congregational Union of England and Wales in 1868 and 1879, and their representative at the National Council of the American Congregational Churches (1865). He published numerous sermons and expositions, noted for their spiritual fervor and elevated diction. Consult his Life by his wife (London, 1881).

 RALEIGH, Sir. See.

 RALLENTAN′DO (It., slackening). A musical term, abbreviated rallent., or rall., indicating a gradual relaxing or diminution of time.

 RALPH, (c.1698-1762). An American poet and pamphleteer, born in Philadelphia, Pa. He became an intimate friend of Benjamin Franklin, whom he accompanied to London in 1725. There he tried to support himself by writing, but with little success. Pope satirized his poem Night (1728) in the Dunciad. Afterwards Ralph attached himself to the Prince of Wales, and used his pen to assist his friends the Whigs in every possible way. When George III. ascended the throne, he was given a pension. His works include: Zeuma (1729), a poem; The Groans of Germany (1734), a political pamphlet; The Use and Abuse of Parliaments (1744); History of England During the Reigns of King William, Queen Anne, and George I. (1744); and some poems, essays, and plays.

 RALPH, (1853-1903). An American author and journalist, born in New York City. He joined the staff of the New York Daily Graphic in 1875, but within a year he left it and was on the staff of the New York Sun until 1895, gaining a world-wide reputation as a correspondent. In 1896 he became London correspondent for the New York Journal, was with the Turkish armies during the Græco-Turkish War in 1897, and in 1899 went to South Africa, as war correspondent for the London Daily Mail. Besides numerous magazine articles, his publications include: Dutchman or German (1889); On Canada's Frontier (1892); Chicago and the World's Fair (1893); Our Great West (1893); People We Pass (1895); Dixie (1896); Alone in China (1898); A Prince in Georgia (1899); Toward Pretoria (1900); An American with Lord Roberts (1901); War's Brighter Side (1901); and The Millionairess (1902), a novel.

 RALPH ROISTER DOISTER. A comedy by Nicholas Udall, probably written between 1534 and 1541 for the Christmas entertainment at Eton, of which Udall at that time was headmaster. It was printed anonymously in 1566, the only copy of that edition being now in Eton Library, and Collier was the first to connect Udall's name with it about 1820. It is noteworthy as the first English comedy, its humorous and life-like characters far surpassing the wooden figures of the Moralities and even the personages of Heywood's farces. Ralph Roister Doister, a hare-brained, vain, boastful fellow, is egged on in his courtship of Dame Custance, a rich London<section end="Ralph Roister Doister" />