Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 16.djvu/74

* FIB^trS. 54 Greece. Accordiiip to the accepted nomenclature, the smallest liarbor, now Faiiari. is the ancient Munychia; the next, now rashaliniani, is Zca; the great harbor was known as Cantharus. Re- cently, however, strong reasons have been ad- vanced for idcntifyinp Plialerum with Fanari, .Munychia with Pasha liniani. and Zca and Can- tharus with the liays on cither side of the great harbor. Consult: Waclismuth. Die Stadt Athen im Altertum (Leipzig. 1874, ISflO) ; Jlilchhiifer, "Peiraieus," in Baunicister's DenkmaJer des klas- sixchen Altertiims (Munich. I88!M : Gardner, An- rienl Athens (London and Xew York, 1902) ; and a Greek jjamphlet by Angelopoulos, n«/)i nfipai(Ss, Kal Tuv Xtfidvwp alrroO, On I'cireeus and Its Har- liurx (.thens, 1808). PIBANESI, ])e'rii-na'z*, Giambattista (1720- 78). An eminent Italian engraver, born in Ven- ice, October 4, 1720. lie stu<licd under his uncle, JLitteo Lucchese, and with 'asi in Rome. He worked as architect in 'cnice for a short time, and then settled in Rome, where he produced an enormous number of plates. Toward the end of his life he was assisted by his sons, Francesco and Pietro, and his daughter, Laura. As architect he directed some restorations and decorations in Santa Maria del Popolo, and the priory of ilalta at Rome. He was a member of the Academy of Saint Luke (1761) and an honorary member of the Society of Antiquaries in London. He died in Rome on November 9, 1708. His best plates are engravings of architectural ruins. They are characterized by Rembrandt-like contrasts of light and shade. He did not hesitate to restore, with his needle, the missing parts of the ruins he was engraving, and he added statues, tombs, vases, or any detail he thought necessary to bring out the pictorial and poetical interest of his work. He left about 2000 plates in 20 folio volumes. They are nearly always of large size, and are executed both with the burin and etched line. His masterpiece is the series known as Le antichitd roniane, 1800 plates (Rome, 1750; Paris, 1836 et seq.). Notable plates in this collection are: "Temple of Neptune at Poestum," "Arch of Constant ine," ".Vrch of Septimius Seve- rus," "Arch of Vcsp:isian," •'Temple of Apollo," . "Baths of Diocletian," "Temple of Janus." "The Coliseum," "Villa of Maecenas," and the "Temple of the Sibyl at Tivoli." PIRANO, pf-rii'mj. A seaport of the Crown- land of Istria. Austria, on a peninsula in the Hay of Largone, 1.3 miles southwest of Triest (Map: Austria, C 4). It contains an old castle, has a deep harbor and several dockyards, and is the seat of considerable commerce. ' Wine, oil, glass, soap, and chemical products are manuf.ac- tured. The salt works of Pirano are among the most productive in .ustria. Population, in 1890, 12.32ii; in 1000, 13,339, mostly Italians. PIRATE, The. A novel by Sir Walter Scott (1822). The scene is the Shetland Islands, visited by the pirate Cleveland, the son of the half insane Noma, though she mistakes Mcrtoun for her child until the secret is revealed at the close. PIRATE BUG. A bug of the family Reduvi- id.-e, a large group comprising more than 2000 species, all of which are predatory in habits and feed upon other insects: also known as 'assassin bugs' and 'cannibal bugs.' With many species the PIRKHEIMER. beak is so strong that it is capable of piercing the skin of human beings. (See Cone- Nose. ) A notable example is the wheel-bug' {Ari- lus cristatus), called by the negroes in the South "the Devil's riding horse.' The eggs, which look like miniature leather bottles standing on end and in hexagonal clusters, are attached to the bark of trees, and liibcrnate. The young bug emerges by pushing iilf the cap of the bottle. It has a blood-red alidomen. and in walking fre- quently elevates the hind end of the body, curling it forward. It feeds upon soft-bodied insects, such as plant-lice, but as it grows, attacks larger insects, and when full grown will destroy big caterpillars and even beetles. The full-grown bug is black in color and captures its prey by stealth. Its coloration is protective. In the more southern States it is an important factor in the destruction of numerous caterpillars which defoliate fruit and shade trees. Consult: Corn- stock, Manual for the Study of Insect/) (Ithaca, 180.5) ; Howard, The Insect Book (New York, 1902). PIRATE PERCH (so called from its vo- racity). A strange little fish of sluggish streams along the eastern coast of the Ignited States and in the Mississippi Valley, which is related to the perches, but has been set apart in a suborder %, iHK I'iRATK pi:Keu. Xenarchi. The single species {Aphredodcrus Sdj/anus) represents the only genus and family of this group, which appears to be a relic of an ancient type. Its color is dark olive, profusely speckled with darker points, which often make blackish streaks along the rows of the scales; two blackish bars cross the ba.se of the tail; and the length is about five inches. PIBAYA, p.*-ra'y,^, or PIBAI, p6-rl'. A South .American fish. See Caeibe. PIBENE, pi-re'nf. A spring at Corinth, sa- cred to the JIu.ses. Various accounts are given of its origin, but the usual tradition makes it to have been struck out of the Acrocorinthus by Pegasus, who was captured by BeJlerophon while drinking its waters. PIBITHOUS, pi-rith'6-us. King of the La- pitluc, and son of Ixion, or Zeus. At his mar- riage with Hippodamia the centaur Eurytus. while intoxicated, carried off the bride. In the consequent fight between the Lapithie and Cen- taurs, Pirithous was aided by his friend Theseiis, King of Athens, and subsequently, with his help, attempted to carry off Persephone from the lower world. For this both were hoind to a rock by Pluto, but Theseus was released by Hercules, while Pirithous was left to his punish- ment. PIBKHEIMER, pirk'hi-mer. Wilibald ( 1470- 1530). A famous German humanist. He was