Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 16.djvu/726

* BADCLIFFE COLLEGE. 638 RADFOBD. and 429 students. The requirements for admis- sion and for the degrees of bachelor of arts and master of arts are identical with those of Har- vard College, and the courses of instruction are for the most part the same. In addition, much of the advanced instruction of the university is open to Radcliflfe students. The institution had in 1003 a working lilirary of 18.750 volumes and 1100 pamphlets; buildings and giounds valued at $400,000; and an income of $93,130. Sixteen scholarships, each sufficient to meet the tuition fee of .$200, are awarded annually. BADBE, rad'dc, Gustav Febdinaxd Richaed (1831-1903). A German- Russian naturalist and traveler, born at Danzig. After accompanying the Russian expedition to Southeast Siberia (1855-00) and going with Von Baer on his sci- entific trip through Southern Russia (1862), he founded at Tiflis the Museum of the Caucasus, of which he became director. In this capacity he traveled through Upper Armenia (1871)', Northern Persia (1879), Daghestan (1885 and 1894), Khorasan (1886), and along the eastern coast of the Black Sea (1890). Among his works are: Rcisen im Fiiiden ron Ostsihirien (1862-64); Tier Tortrdf/e iiber den Kaukasus (1874); Die Cheus'uren iind ihr Land (1878); in Russian a description of his voyage with the grand dukes Alexander and Sergeis JMikhailo- vitch (1892) ; Das Ostufcr des Pontus (1894) : and Die l^ammbmr/en des katikasisclien Miisetims (1900 et seq.). BADEBEBG, rii'dc-berK. A town in the Kingdom of Saxony. Germany, situated about ten miles northeast of Dresden (Map: Germany. E 3). It has glass works, paper mills, and manu- factures of nails, safes, furniture, etc. Popula- tion, in 1900. 12,918. BADECKE, ra'de-ke, Robert (1830—). A German composer. He was born in Dittmanns- dorf, in Silesia, and received his musical training in the Conservatory of Leipzig. In 1853 he be- came musical director of the Court Theatre of that city. He removed to Berlin soon after, played second violin in Laub's quartet, and gave many successful concerts. He was made royal Kapellmeister in 1871, and in 1891 succeed- ed Haupt as director of the Royal Insti- tute for Church Music. An artist of ability on pianoforte, organ, and violin, Radecke is best known for his compositions, which include two orchestral overtures. Konig -loluinn and Am Strande; the operetta Die ilitiikfjiiter (1824); and, above all, for his many songs. BAD'EGTJNTIS, Saixt (519-87). Tlie pa- tron saint of Poitiers, in France. She was the daughter of Berthar, a prince of Thuringia. Hav- ing been carried as a prisoner to the country of the Franks in the twelfth year of her age by Clo- taire I.. King of the district whose capitalwas Sois- sons, she was educated in the Christian religion, and when she reached a mature age was induced, reluctantly, to become the wife of Clotaire. Her own wish having been to become a nun. her mar- ried life was in great measure given up to works of charity and religion. In 544. her husband having murdered her brother, she fled from the palace and retired to the monasters' at Xoyon. Afterwards she founded a nionasteiy at Poitiers. in which she lived as a simple sister, hut which she endowed richly, not only with money and lands, but also with relics and other sacred objects. It was on the occasion of the translation to her church at Poitiers of a relic of the holy cross that the poet Vc.xantius Fortunatus com- posed the celebrated hjTnn Vexilla Regis Prode- vnt. BADETZKY, rd-dets'ke, Joseph Wenzel, Count (1760-1858). An Austrian field-marshal, born in Trzebnitz, Bohemia. In 1784 he became a cadet in an Hungarian cavalry regiment. His first campaign was against the Turks in 1788-89. He fought in the wars of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars, attaining the rank of major-general in 1805 and lieutenant-field-mar- shal in 1809. In that year he fought bravely at Aspern and Wagiam. After the conclusion of peace he became chief of the quartermaster-gen- eral's staff and took a leading part in the reor- ganization of the Austrian Army. In 1813-14 and 1815 he was chief of staff of Prince Sehwar- zenberg. He distinguished himself at Kulm, and was wounded at the battle of Leipzig. In 1831 he commanded in Italy, and in 1836 he became field-marshal. On the outbreak of the insur- rection in Lombardy in 1848 Radetzky was driven from Milan after five daj-s of desperate fighting and fell back on Verona. His position was for a time precarious, but having received reinforce- ments he was enabled to assume the offensive, and inflicted a crushing defeat on the Sardinian King Charles Albert at Custozza, July 25, 1848. A six months' armistice was agreed to, and war was not resumed by the Piedmontese till ilarch, 1849. Radetzky was this time better prepared, and at once invaded Piedmont, He totally routed the enemy at Novara. JIarch 23, 1849. Peace was concluded with Sardinia, and Radetzky besieged Venice, which surrendered after a long siege (August 23d). He was then appointed Governor-General of Lombardy and Venetia, and ruled with absolute authority till his retirement in February. 1857. He died at Milan. There are biographies of Radetzkv by Krones (Vienna, 1891) and Schijnhals (Stuttgart, 1858). Con- sult, also: Troubetzkoi. Campagnes du comie Radetzky dans le nord de I'ltalie en 18^8 et 18.i9 (Leipzig. 1860) ; Kunz, Die Feldziiqe des Feld- marsehalls Radetzki/ in Oieritalien (Berlin, 1890). BADTOBD, Mrs. Ernest (maiden name Dolly Maitland) (1858 — ). An English writer of verse, born December 3, 18.58. In 1891 she won attention with a volume of beautiful lyrics, entitled A Light Load. She next pub- lished Songs for fiomebody (1893); Songs and Verses (1895); One Way of Love, an Idyl (1898); and Poet's Larder and Other Stories (1900). BADFOED, William (1808-90). An Ameri- can naval officer, born at Fincastle, Botetourt County. Va. He entered the navy in 1825. and rose through successive grades to the rank of rear-admiral, which he attained in 1866. He dis- tinguished himself at Mazatlan in 1847 during the ilexican War, and commanded the Ciimier- land in 1861. but was on court-martial duty at Old Point Comfort when that vessel was sunk by the Merrimac. He served in both attacks on Fort Fisher in 1864-65, was in command of the Xetr Ironsides under Admiral Porter, and in 1869-70 commanded the European squadron. In 1871 he was retired from the service.