Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 16.djvu/644

* PUBVES. 562 PUSEY. monij of Justiyi Martyr to Early Christianity (1880) aud /'<ii/7i and Life, sermons (1902). PTJK.'VEY, JOHX (C.1354-C.1427). A ilisciple of Wiclif, who revised the Wielitite translation of the Bible. He was probably born at Lath- bury, a village in Buckinghamshire, and very likely- he may have been educated at Oxford. For some years he was Wiclif's parochial chap- lain at Lutterworth. After the death of Wiclif (1384), Purvey seems to have settled for a time in Bristol. In 13S7 he was forbidden to 'itine- rate' in the diocese of Worcester, and in 13'JO he was imprisoned for being a Wielitite. Kather than suffer martyrdom, he recanted in 1401. He was given the vicarage of West Hythe, in Kent, but he resigned in two years (1403). His subse- quent career cannot be followed. Wiclif and his associates completed their translation of the Bible in 1380. :Made from the Vulgate, it abounded in Latinisms. Purvey, helped by other disciples of Wiclif, set about reducing this ver- sion to idiomatic English. The new translation was probably completed about 1388. Purvey also composed a work called Ecclcsiw Regimen, in w'hich he assailed the corruptions of the Church. Consult I'he Holy Bible in the Earliest English Versions, edited by Forshall and Madden (4 vols., 0.ford, 18.50). PURVEYANCE, Royal. In English law, the former right or prerogative of the Crown to demand supplies and services at the lowest price, to be lixed by appraisers, usually those chosen by the royal purveyors, or officers employed in procuring the royal supplies. This was one of the oldest of the royal prerogatives, and gave rise to endless abuses and complaints until it was finally abolished in 1660, when Charles II. was restored to the throne. Those upon whom the purveyors made a demand had no choice but to sell their goods or services, and usually re- ceived their inadequate pay in tallies which entitled the recipients to deduct the amount from future taxes, which latter fact was a hardship in itself. Little is known of the early history of the practice, but the abuses arising from it be- came so serious that the petitions and laws against it became very numerous as early as the 13th and 14th centuries, and the practice is pro- hibited to the royal bailiffs and constables in Magna Charta. Later legislation against these abuses occur in the ordinances of 1311 abolishing it, the law of 1322 rejiealing these ordinances, and the laws of 1362 limiting purveyance to the per- sonal wants of the king and queen. Consult : Stubbs, Constitutional History (Oxford, 1878) ; Hallam, Constitutional History (1827). PUS (Lat., white viscous matter from a sore). A well-known product of inflammation. It oc- curs as a thick yellow creamy fluid, differing from all other morbid exudations in containing a large number of corpuscles, having a soft and fatty feeling when rubbed between the fingers, a peculiar odor, usually an alkaline reaction, and a specific gravity of about 1.032. Like the blood, it consists of certain definite microscopic ele- ments, and of an intercellular fluid or serum in which they swim. The microscopic elements are: ( 1 ) The pus-corpuscles, which, both in their microscopical and chemical relations, seem to be identical with the lymph-corpuscles, or colorless blood-cells; in diameter, they range from 0.004 to 0.005 of a line, and each corpuscle consists of a cell-wall, which often appears granular, of viscid transparent contents, and of a nucleus which is adherent to the cell-wall, and which can be ren- dered much more apparent by the addition of acetic acid; (2) molecular granules; and (3) fat-globules. The serum of pus is perfectly clear, of a slightly j-ellow color, and coagulates on heat- ing into a thick white mass. The chemical constituents of pus are water (varying from 769 to 907 in 1000 parts), albu- men (from 44 to 180), fats (from 9 to 25), ex- tractive matter (from 19 to 29), and inorganic salts (from to 13) ; in addition to which, mu- cin, pyin, glycin, urea, etc., are occasionally pres- ent. Of the inorganic or mineral constituents, the soluble salts are to the insoluble in the ratio of 8 to 1 and the chloride of sodium (the chief of the soluble salts) is three times as abundant as in the serum of the blood. See Inflamma- tion ; SUPPLR.TI0X. PTJSAN, poo-san'. See Eus.^x. PUSEY, pu'zl, Edward Bouvebie (1800-82). A distinguished English divine and leader of the O.xford ilovement. He was born at Pusey House, iu Berkshire, August 22, 1800. He was the sec- ond son of the Hon. Philip Bouverie, who changed his name to Pusey as a condition of bis succes- sion to the Pusey estate in 1789. He was edu- cated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, where he obtained a first-class in classics in 1822 and won the university prize for a Latin essay in 1824. In the same year he was elected fellow of Oriel. About this time he spent two years in Germany, and his first published work was an admirable summary of the history of German theology since the Reformation. It appeared in 1828, and in the same year he was appointed to the regius professorship of Hebrew at Oxford, with the attached canonry of Christ Church, a position which he held until his death. Owing to delays from sickness and othei- causes, he was not ordained to the diaconate until June 1, 1828, and his ordination to the priesthood fol- lowed in November of the same year in order that he might occupy his stall as canon. His life, though profoimdly influential, was singularly uneventful. His habits were simple. He lived in his books, mingling but little in general society. He had few personal friends. His chief char- acteristics were accurate and extensive learning, an innate aptness for the study of languages, rigorous devotion, and dislike of luxurious living. He was deeply and unaffectedly religious, but not morose, and was bright and cheerful in the circle of his intimates. His domestic life was one of suffering, sad- dened by successive losses of parents, brothers, wife, and daughter, and finally of his only son, Philip, his companion in scholarship and research, wh6 was taken from him after many years of painful bodily affliction. Pusey will always be remembered, as he was chiefly known, for his connection with the Oxford Movement. His sermon on the Rule of Faith in 1851 stemmed the tide of secessions to the P.Oman Catholic Church after the Gorham judg- ment. The revival of the practice of private confession in the English Church dates from his two sermons on "The Entire Absolution of the Penitent," in 1846. His teaching on the Real Presence in the Holy Communion became the accepted teaching of the Catholic school. He