Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 16.djvu/634

* PTJNO. 552 PUPIN. .rrpater part of the inhabitants, chiefly Ayniara Tdla" live in the lofty Titicaea basin where t e cl n ate is cold and but little agriculture can be A ed on. The chief occupation is cattle- r'i^in ' and very little is produc^ed tor export Population, in 1896, 537,345. The capital is ^'pTrNoThe capital of the Department of Puno Pern. 100 miles east of Arequipa, on the ve tern shoVe of Lake Titicaea, and on a branch of the Mollendo-Cuzco Railway (iI«P= ^1"'' ^ ?). It is the centre of trade between Bolivia and the Peruvian coast. Population, about oOOO. PUN'SHON, William jSIorley (1824-81).

En."f 'tntion R-h nioiid. His first rcKulai- pansh was ^^ li't*-' «™ 845). and he held pastorates m >^«^vcastle-on^ Tvne, SheHield. Leeds. London and Bristol In 18(i8 he was sent to Canada, where he was presi- dent of the Conference for five successive years, and was instrumental in building churches, suengthening Victoria miversity aml_ the en- largement of the denomination. In lb,. J he le turned to England. In 1875 he became secietary of the Weslevan Methodist Missionary Society His eloquence and. power as a preacher placed him among the foremost clergymen of his daj. He published volumes of addresses, lectures and sermons and one volume of poems. Consult his Life by Macdnnald (chapters xi.-xv. by Piofessor Reyna'r; London, 3d ed., 1888). PXJNT, plmnt (Egyptian Piient). A country on the Red Sea. often mentioned in the hiero- glyphic inscriptions, whence the Egyptians ob- tained incense, gol.l. ebony, ivory, leopard skins^^ ostrich feathers, and other commodities. the earliest recorded voyage to Punt was under King Assa of Dynasty 5, and King Se ankh-ka-re ot Dynasty 11 sent an expedition which, crossing the desert from Koptos to the Red Sea, built a ship and sailed down the coast to Punt. Lxpedi- tions were also sent thither by Ameiiemhat IL, Thothmes III., Rameses IIL, and other monarclis. Queen Hatshepsut (Hatasu), who sent a whole fleet to Punt, caused the details of the voyage to be depicted upon the walls of the Temple of Deir el-Bahri. with interesting representations ot the inhabitants of the land and of their dwellings. The nuestion as to whether Punt is to be^sought on the Asiatic or the African side of the Red Sea has "iven rise to much discussion, but from the evide^nce of the Egyptian monuments it seems clear that it corresponded with the modern Abys- sinian and Somali Coast. Consult:. Dilmichen, Die Floltc einer iifuiptischcn Koiiigni (Leipzig, 1808) ■ Miiller, Asien uiid Eiiropn (ib., 1803) ; Ennaii, Life in Ancient Emipt (London, ISJ'-l) 5 Naville Deir el-Bahri. Memoirs XII., X'tl-- XIV., and XIX. of the Egypt Exploration Fund (London. 1804 et seq.). PUNT,, ptint (AS. punt, from Lat. /)0)i/o, punt, pontoon, from pons, bridge). A heavy, oblong flat-bottomed boat, propelled by a pole thrust against the bottom of a river or lake and useful where stability and not sj,eed is needed. It is a primitive form of boat, found in many countries, notably from ancient times on the waterways of :Mexico. Punting has. however, become a popular sport, especially m Eno-land where the conditions of climate and the natlire of the rivers are particularly favorable to it. The Thames Punting Club was revived in 1890, and holds championship and other races. This' club diflerentiates punts from other partly similar boats by defining a punt as "a fiat-bot- tomed craft without .stem, keel, or stern-post, and with the width at each end at least one-lialf of the width of the widest part." Amateur punt- ino- championships have been held in England annually >ince 1880, and professional races since 1870. Sec Bo.'^T. PUNTA ARENAS, p7«5i'ta a-ra'nas. A port of Chile situated on the northwest shore of the Strait of Magellan (Map: Chile C 14) The town has grown rapidly, and has broad streets, several fine buildings, and electric lighting. It is an indispensable port of call and coaling station for all steamers passing through the Strait, and has a growing trade in wool, skins, beef, and other cattle products. Population, in 189.5, 3227; in 1900 (estimated), PUNTARENAS, or PTJNTA ARENAS. The principal seaport on the Pacific coast of Costa Kica, situated on the Gulf of iNicoya, 44 miles west of San Jo.se (Map: Central Anienca, E 5) Its harbor is provided with an iron break- water, but large vessels anchor outside. It is the western terminus of the transatlantic rail- road from Port Liin6n. It has steamship cora- niunication with the United States. It export* coftec, rubber, tortoise-shell, and silver. Popula- tion, about 5000. PUPA (Lat., doll, puppet). That stage in the life of an insect having perfect metamorphose* which intervenes between the larva and the adult. See Insect: Metamorphosis. PUPIE'NUS (:M. Clodius Pupienus Maxi- nius). .loint Emperor of Rome with Balbinus for a few months in 238. They were elected by the Senate when the news came that the two Uor- dians had died in Africa, and both were before long assassinated by the soldiery. PU'PIN, MicH.^EL Idvorskt (1858— ). An merioan physicist and inventor, born at Idvor, Southern Hungary, of Servian ancestry. _ He was educated at the vill.age school of his native town and at a military school at Prague, and came to merica in 1874. He entered Columlua College- in 1879 and graduated in 1883. He then studied mathematics and physics at Cambridge I ni ver- sitv. England, and also at the University of BeViin, where in 1889 he received the degree of doctor of philosophy, holding while abroad the John Tvndall Fellowship of Columbia .t poi his return 'to America he was appointed instiuctor in mathematical physics at Columbia University, and in 1892 adjunct professor of mechanics, m ?901 he became professor of electro-mechanics. Professor Pupin's most important^ ■?''"„! were in electrical resonance, electrical wave propagation, and theoretical and experimental consideration of the magnetization of iron, m became well known for his work on t.he propaga- tion of electrical waves, as he was able to app'J his researches in this field to long-distance tele- phony and multiplex telegraphy. By l>'^f ^ "Z. iion-uniform conductors in which wire fo-'s P^s sessing a certain amount of self-indnction were placed at stated intervals along the conductor, tie