Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 16.djvu/60

* PINKERTON. 40 aiul in the Homestead strike. Among other well- known cases with which Pinkerlon was connected were the captnre of the rohhers who took $700,- 000 from the AiUinis Kxpress Company's safe on a N'ew York, New- Haven and Hartford Itailroad train, on .January 0, ISOO, and the dispersion of n gang of mnrderers who for a nund)er of years terrorized all southern Indiana. He wrote sev- eral liooks on snhjccts connected with his work, among them: Thv Molli/ Moyiiircs anil the De- tecliics (1877) : Criuiiiml It'oiiiiiisceiiccs (1878) ; The Spjt of the IMullioii (1883); Tliirti/ Years a Ddecliie (1884) ; and Ilislory and Efidences of llir Passage of Abraham Lincoln from Hu7- rishiirph. Pa., to Washinr/ton, D. C, on the 22d 011,1 ..'.;«/ of l-rliniiiri/. JSiil (1891). PINKEBTOIT, John (1758-1826). A Scot- tish antiquary and author, born in Kdinlnirgh, February 17, 1758. He was educated at the grammar school of Lanark; articled to a writer to the signet in Edinburgh: abandoned law for literature: settled in London (1781); and re- siiU'd during his last years in Paris, where he died. .Marcli 10, lS2(i. Among his numerous pul>lications are: Itimex. a volume of verso (1781) ; tielect Scottish Hallads, ])rofessing to be ancient (178."1); Essay on Medals (1784); Let- ters of Literature (1785); Ancient Hcoltish Poems Xcver Before in Print, from the Manu- script Collection of Sir if. Maitland (17S(i): and The Uistorp of Scotland from the Accession of the House of Stuart to that of Mar;/, with Appendices of Original Hocuments (2 vols., I71I7). This last work. tlioigli valual)le for its matter, is disfigured liy an attempt to rival the style of Gibbon. Consult his IJicrarti Correspoii- denec, edited by Hawson Turner (London. IS.SO). PINKEYE, or Infuenza. An infectious dis- ease prevalent among horses. It is characterized by high fever, rapid prostration, swelling of the nuicous membrane of the eyes, which become red and congested. (In account of this condition the disease is called pinkeye. The cause is believed to be a specific bacillus similar to that producing influenza in man. The spread of the disease is also attributed to swarming of frits (q.v.), which get into the eyes of the horses. The treatment is symptomatic. Oood fooil and water, fresh air and sanitary surroundings are of first import- ance. The heart should be watched carefully and if necessary cardiac stimulants used. The eyes should be bathed with an antiseptic wash. PINKNEY, plnk'ni. Kdwakd Coate (1802- 281. An American poet, born in London, Eng- land. October 1. 1802. He was the son of Wil- liam Pinkney. the well-known JIaryland lawyer and orator, and w:is horn while the latter was commissioner in P'ngland. He served in the navy (181f)-24). was admitted to the Baltimore bar in tile latter year, was made professor of rlutoric and belles-lettres in the I'niversity of llarvland, and edited the Mari/linulcr (1827) : but he is best known for a tiny volume of Poems (1825), since highly praised by Poe and others and several times reprinted. Pinkney died in Baltimore, yUV, April n. 1828. PINKNEY, William (1764-1822). An American statesman, Inirn at Annapolis, lid. He was educated at King "illiam's Seminary (afterwards Saint .Tohn's College), studied law under .Justice Samuel Chase, and was admitted PIN-MONEY. to the bar in 1780. In 1788 he was a member of the convention to ratify the Federal Constitu- tion, and was elected to the House of Delegates the same year. In 171I0 he was appointed a commissioner to Knghind to determine the com- pensation due Aiuerican merchants under the .Jay Treaty (q.v.), and secured a claim of .$800,- OOt) for .Maryland on the J5ank of England, lie returned <o practice law in Baltimore in 1804, and was elected Attorney-lieneral of Maryland in 1805. In 1800 he was .sent to Eiiglaiul as .Min- ister E.xtraordinary to treat in conjunction with Minister Monroe regarding the violation of rights of neutrals. On the return of Jloiiroe in 1S07 lie remained as resident Minister until recalled at his own request in 1811. On his return he was elected to the .Maryland State Senate, but was appointed Attorney-Oneral of the Inited States by Presi- dent .Madison. He commanded a regiment of rillciueii (luring th<' War of 1812. and was wound- ed at Bladensburg. He was a member of the iia- tioiuil Mouse of Representatives in 1815-10, and in the latter year was appointed .Minister to Russia and Special Envoy to Naples. He resigned in 1818 to practice law, and was engaged in many important cases. In 1820 he was elected to the I'nited States Senate, and opposed the admission of Missouri. Consult Wheaton, Life, Writings, and Speeches of William Pinkney (1826), which is condensed in vol. vi. of Spirrks's AnicricaH liimiriipliti. Consult also Pinkney, Life of Wil- liam Piiilcneg (1853). PINK ROOT. The root of a species of Spige- lia (q.v.). PIN-MONEY, In law, a sum of money paid periodically by a husband to his wife, to be ex- pended for drcs.s, ornament, and other per.sonal expenses. The origin of the term has never been traced satisfactorily, but writers of some authority assert that it was derived from an ancient tax levied in England for the purpose of sujiplying the Queen with pins. The practice of providing such an annual sum for the wife's separate use. by means of a marriage settlement, was at one time quite common among the no- bility in England. Out of this allowance the wife was supposed to maintain the dignity of lier station in the matter of dress, ornament, private benefactions, etc. It w;is, therefore, in- tended to he spent and not accumulated. Ac- cordingly, if a husband pays the wife's personal expenses directly, it is a bar to a claim for ar- rears of pin-money, anil, in any event, while the wife continues to cohabit with the husband she cannot collect the arrears for more than one year. However, if she lives separately, all ar- rears may be collected. If the wife saves any- thing out of her iiiniiioney while living apart from her husband it becomes her separate pro))- erty: but if they are living together, sueli ac- cumulation goes to the husband's representatives on his death, unless he had consented to his wife's saving for her own benefit. The custom of providing pin-money is no longer common in England, and never gained favor in the Cnited States, although there arc some early decisions which apply the English law to such allowances. -A weekly or monthly sum paid to the wife for household expenses, etc.. docs not correspond to pin-money. Sums given to the wife by the husband voluntarily from time to time, when he does not indicate that they are