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* PRISREND. 413 PRIVAS. PRISREND, prez'rend. The capital of the VHayet of Kosovo, European Turkey, situated on a small affluent of the Drin, 75 miles east of Scutari (Map: Turkey in Europe, C 3). It is one of the most beautiful, richest, and most in- dustrious towns in European Turkey. It has a citadel situated 1100 feet above sea-level, and a large number of bazaars, and carries on an active trade in Hints, saddlery, glass, and cop- per and steel wares. Among its edifices are twenty-four mosques. The town is the seat of a Catholic archbishop, a Greek metropolitan, and a Servian theological school. Population vari- ously estimated at from 30,000 to 60,000. PRISTINA, presh'te-na, or PRISHTINA. A town in the Vilayet of Kosoo, European Turkey, 30 miles north-northeast of Prisrend (Map: Turkey in Europe, C 3). It has several mosques and churches, and a Greek Catholic school. Population, 18,000, mostly Mohammedans. PRITCH'ARD, Chakles (1808-93). An English astronomer, born in Alberbury, Shrop- shire. He was educated at Christ's Hospital and at Saint .John's, Cambridge. From 1834 to 1802 he was head of Clapham Grammar School, and in that period became a prominent member of the Royal Astronomical Society. Elected Savilian professor of astronom^y at Oxford in 1870, he planned the new observatory, invented the wedge photometer about 1881, aiid in 1885 published Uranomctria Xova Oxoniensis, a pho- tometric catalogue for which in 1886 he received half of the Astronomical Society's medal. The measurement of stellar parallax by photography seems original with Pritchard. He died very soon after undertaking a share in the interna- tional stellar chart. He contributed to the Encjjclopwdia Britannica, and wrote Occanlonal Thoughts of an Astronomer on Nature and Revelation (1889). PRITCHARD, Mrs. Hanx.h (1711-68). An English actress. She was found in 1733 singing in a booth at a public fair: from that time she appeared at the Haymarket and other London playhouses till, for the last twenty years of her life, she became a member of Garrick's com- pany at Drury Lane. Though lacking in cultiva- tion, she was an actress of great gifts in both comedy and tragedy. She played Cleopatra in All for hove, Zara in The Mourning Bride, and many other noted characters of the time. Her last appearance was in Lady Macbeth, her most famous role, in which only Mrs. Siddons could surpass her. A few^ months after her retire- ment, in 1708, she died at Bath, wealthy and universally respected. Consult: Doran. Annals of the Htate (ed. Lowe, London, 1888) ; Russell, Representative Aetors (London, n.d.). PRITCHARD, Jeter Connellt (1857—). A United States Senator and jurist, born at •Jonesboro, Tenn. He received an academic educa- tion at Martins Creek Academy, and was ap- prenticed to a printer. In 1873 he removed to Bakersville, N. C, where he worked at the printers' trade and became editor of the Roan iloiintnin Republiean. He was a member of the Legislature in 1884, 1886, and 1800, and was admitted to the bar in 1887. He was the Repub- liean candidate for Lieutenant-Governor in 1888, and the nominee of his party for United States Senator in 1892. The same year he was defeated for the Lower House of Congress, but helped to bring about a fusion of Populists and Republi- cans on State affairs which was successful in 1894. He was elected to the United States Senate in 1895 for an unexpired term, and in 1897 was reelected for six years. As the only Republican Senator from the Southern States his influence was great. He was one of the leaders in the attempt to build up a white Republican party in the South, the so-called Lily-White movement, claiming that as the negro had been deprived of his vote in many of the States, it was unfair that he should control conventions and keep away desirable recruits from the ranks of business men. On the expiration of his term in 1903 he was appointed associate justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. PRITCH'ETT, Henry Smith (1857—). An Am»-rican astronomer, born in Fayette, JCo. After his graduation from Pritchett College, Glasgow, Mo., in 1875. he went to Washington to study practical and theoretical astronomy under Professor Asaph Hall in the United States Xaval Observatory, where he became assistant astron- omer in 1878. Two years afterwards he was apjiointed to the same position in the ilorrison Observatory, Glasgow, Mo. He was sent to New Zealand in 1882 to observe the transit of Venus, and in 1883 was made professor of astronomy at Washington University, Saint Louis, Mo., and director of the observatory there. Six years afterwards he went to California in charge of the Government expedition for viewing the solar eclipse. He was superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Sun-ey, with head- quarters at Washington, in 1897-iilOO, and was then elected president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston. PRITHU, prlt'hoo. The name of several legendary kings of ancient India, especially one who is a hero in the Puranas (q.v.). His father was Vena, who was slain on account of his impiety. As Vena had left no offspring, and the kingdom consequently had no ruler, the sages assembled and consulted how to produce a son from the body of the dead King. First they rubbed his thigh, from which came forth a being called Xishada. By this means the wickedness of ^'ena was expelled. They then proceeded to rub the right arm of the dead King, and by this friction Prithu came forth, having in his right hand the mark of the discus of Vishnu, which destined him to be a universal emperor, whose power would be invincible even by the gods. Prithu soon removed the grievances of the people. He protected the earth, jjerformed many sacri- fices, and gave liberal gifts to the Brahmans, thus undoing his father's wickedness. During the interval in which the earth had been without a king, all vegetable products had Ijcen with- held. and consequently famine raged. He there- fore marched against the earth, which, assuming the figure of a cow, fled from him. Seeing no escape, she at last promised to renew her fer- tility if he would make the world level. Prithu therefore uprooted mountains, and induced his subjects to take up their abodes where the ground had become a plain. The earth now ful- filled her promise: and as Prithu. by granting her new life, became, as it were, her father, she was henceforth called Prithivi. PRIVAS, pre'va'. The capital of the Depart- ment of Ard6che, France, 43 miles northwest