Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 16.djvu/46

* PINCHBECK. 30 the former to one part of the latter. Tt lias a «)lor resembling red gold, and was formerly largely used in making watch-cases and similar artieles in imitation of gold. PINCH'ES, TUEOPHILVS GOLDRIDGE (1856 — ). An English Assyriologist. He was born in London, learned his father's trade of die-sinking, and at nineteen U-gaii to study Assyrian. In liton, after twenty-two years of service, he re- tired from the British Museum, where he had been employed in the department of Egyptian and Assyrian anti(|uities. He was closely con- nected with the publication of the Cuneiform lii.tcriplions of Western Axia and the Cuneiform Texts from Bnluilnninn Tablets; both issued by the IJiitish Museum: and wrote many articles in Hastings's Dictionnri/ of the liible. He ]>ublished besides The Old Testament in the Light of the llistnrienl Reeords and Legends of Assyria and liahiilonia (1002). PINCHWIFE. A character in Wycherley's comedy The Country Wife, a jealous husband who tries to keep his young and ignorant wife from society, lest she prove unfaithful. The un- sophisticated wife. Margery Pinchwife. is the counterpart of Agnes in Moli&rc's L'Ecole des Fenimes, from whieh the comedy is borrowed. The Pinch wifes appear as Moody and Peggv in Garrick's adaptation The Country Girl. PINCIAN (i.Iii'sl,i-«n) HILL, or MONTE PINCIO, ni'.n'tA pin'cli.*.. A hill at Ronie, 1(H feet in height, forming a spur of the Quirinal. from which it is separated by a small valley. It was not included among the seven hills of Rome or regarded as a part of the city. It was famous as the site of magnificent gardens, including those of .eili>is (ilabrio. of the Anieii, where the Villa Mediei now stands, and of Lu- cullus, and therefore bore the name of Collis Hortorum, It is now the fashionable promenade of Home and commands iiue views of the city and surrounding country. PINCKNEY, pink'ni, Charlks (17581824). An American statesman, born at Charleston. S. C He studied law and was chosen to the Provin- cial Legislature when just of age. He was a member of the Continental Congress in 1785 and in 1787 of the Xational Constitutional Conven- tion. He was Oovernor of South Carolina from 178!) to 170-2. and in 1700 presided over the con- vention which framed the State Cimstitution. From 1700 to 1708 he was again Governor, and from 1708 to 1801 was a member of the United St.ites Senate. I'rom 1802 to 1S05 he was Min- ister to Spain, and secured a renunciation on the part of that country of her claims to the Louis- iana territory. He was again (iovernor in 1806- 08. was a member of the Le<;islature in 181012. and was a strong advocate of the War of 1812. From 1810 to 1821, in the National House of Representatives, he opposed the Missouri Com- promise. He was a man of liberal ideas and favored the abolition of primogeniture in South Carolina, the removal of Jewish disabilities, and a system of free schools. He wrote a series of letters signed Kepuhliean (1800), which strongly advocated the election of .Jefferson to the Presi- dency. PINCKNEY, Cn.RLEs CoTEswoRTn (1746- 1825). An American soldier and statesman. PINCKNEYA. bom at Charleston, S. C, son of Charles Pinck- ncy, Chief Justice of South Carolina. He was ed- ucated in England, at Oxford and the iliddle Temple. After studying for a time at the Royal Jlilitary Academy at Caen. France, he returned to America in 1769, and liegan the practice of the law at Charleston. He served in the first Provincial Congress of South Carolina in 1775, was elected captain of a provincial regiment in the same year, and became colpnel in October, 1770. He was afterwards one of Washington's aides-de-camp, participated in the b.attles of Brandywine and Germanlown, and, returning to the South in 1778, joined the expedition to Flor- ida. In 178.3, he was promoted to be brigadier- general, but, the war being over, he returned to his practice at Charleston. He was a prominent member of the United States Constitutional Con- vention in 1787; of the State Convention which ratified the Federal Constitution, and of the convention which in 1790 framed a constitution for South Carolina. Sent to France in 179G. as United States Minister, he was received with studied discourtesy by the Directory, which final- ly forced him to leave the country; nor on his return as a joint coinmissioncr with Elbridge Gerry and John Marsliall was his reception more favoralile. (See X. Y. Z. Correspoxoexce.) Talleyrand assured the commissioners that a gift of money was a necessary preliminary to the ne- gotiations, and that .a refusal might bring on war. Pinckney is said to have answered: "War be it, then; millions for defense, sir. but not one cent for tribute!" On his return to the United States a war with France seemed imminent, and he was appointed a major-general. He was the Federalist candidate for Vice-President in 1800 and for President in 1804 ami 1808, and was the third president-general of the Society of the Cin- cinnati. PINCKNEY, Thomas (1750-1828). An American diplomat and soldier, born at Charles- ton, .S. C. In 175:5 lie was sent to England with his brother, Chailes Cotesworth Pinckney, to be educated: was admitted to the English bar in 1770; and returned to Charleston in 1772. Enter- ing the Continental army as a lieutenant in 1775, he served as aide to Lincoln, D'Estaing, and Gates successively, taking a conspicuous part in the battles of "stone Ferry (.June 20, 1779) and of Camden (.ugust 16, 1780), at the latter of which he was wounded and taken prisoner, re- maining in confinement until llie close of the war. He was (Jovernor of South Carolina in 1787-1789, was Minister to England in 1702-1704, and in November, 1794, was .sent on a special mission to Spain, where he negotiated an important treaty (signed October 17, 1705), guaranteeing to the United States the free navigation of the Jlis- sissippi, with privileges of deposit at New Or- leans for at least three years. Returning in 1706, he was the Federalist candidate for Vice-Presi- dent in this year, and was a member of Congress in 1709-lSOl". In the War of 1812 he served as major-general in command of the Sixth Slilitary District, and at the battle of Horse Shoe Bend completely defeated the Creek Indians. Subse- quently he retired from public life and spent his last years in Charleston. PINCKNEYA (Neo-Lat., named in honor of C. C. Pinckney), Georgi.*. Bark, or Fe^-ertree. A small tree, Pinckneya pubens, occasionally