Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 16.djvu/45

* PINA CLOTH. 29 PINCHBECK. sembles horse-hair clotli, because the threads both of warp and weft are each single unspun fibres, consequently only small pieces can be made; the workers have, however, a plan of joining the fibres of the coarser kinds end to end, so as to make warp threads of considerable length. Pina cloth is very strong, and the better sorts far excel the finest lawns in texture. It is chietly employed in the manufacture of ladies' pocket-handker- chiefs, which often have their costliness much increased by beautiful embroidery, PINACATE BUG. Any of the tenebrionid liciUes of the genus Eleodes, especially common in the Western United States. They are large, smiiotb, clumsy, wingless, black beetles, which congregate in large numliers under stones and pieces of wood, 'i'hcy defend themselves when disturbed by elevating the hinder portion of the body and discharging an oily fluid. PINAFORE, H, "M. S. A popular comic opera bv Sir .rthur Sullivan, jnoduced in London Jlay 28, 1878. The libretto, by W. S. tiilbert, is a droll satire on current topics, the germ of which is "Captain Reece" in the Bab Ballads. PINAKOTHEK (Ger.. from Gk. invaKoe-liien, pinakothcke, picture-gallery, from irim^, piiuix, picture, S-^kv, tliCkii, receptacle). Among the Hellenes, a term used to designate a room or building near a temple, for the preservation of pictures brought as votive offerings to the gods. The Romans applied it to the entrance to the atrium of a house, which often contained statues, pictures, and other objects of art. Pinocotcca is the usual Italian term for a gallery oT paint- ings ; but the most celebrated collection bearing this name is the Pinakothek in JIunich. erected in 1826-30. after designs by Klenze. the architect of the Glyptothek. The New Pinakothek was completed in 1853, and in it are placed the works of contemporary artists. The main gallery is one of the most important in its contents in Europe, especially for works of the early German and Italian schools. It was the earliest impor- tant public gallery formed in Germany, but dur- ing the last half century has not kept pace with that of Berlin. The largest hall in the building is devoted to ninety-five works liy Rubens, and there are a mnnber of Raphaels. There are alto- gether over 1300 paintings, including specimens of Cimabue, Giotto. Leonardo da Vinci. Correg- gio, Titian, Jlichelangelo, Durer, Rembrandt, and Van Dyke. It comprises the best works of the royal collections, these being arranged with re- gard to their various schools, in nine halls and twenty-three compartments. The building is itself a monument of art. one of its corridors be- ing divided into twenty-five loggie frescoed by Cornelius, with works illustrative of the history of the fine arts in the .Middle Ages. The lower story of the building contains 9000 drawings by the old masters: the original drawings for Cor- nelius's loggie ; and a cabinet of more than 300.- 000 engravings. There is also an important col- lection of Etruscan and other vases, and other works of antiquity. PINAR DEL Rl'O, p^-nar' del re'6. A prov- ince of Cuba, occujning the western end of the island, and bounded on the north by the Gulf of Mexico, on the east by the Province of La Habana, and on the south by the Caribbean Sea (Map: Cuba, B 4), Its area is ."lOOO sipiare miles. The Cordillera de los Organos, reaching a height of 2500 feet, runs lengthwise through the province, and the land slopes gradually to the coasts on either side, which, especially in the southwest, are low and marshy. The southern slope is the celebrated Vuelta Abajo, where the finest tobacco in the world is grown. Tobacco is the main product. Sugar and coffee, and in the low- lands sea-island cotton, are also grown, and there is e-vtensive lumbering and some copper-iiiiiiiii^'. The population in 1887 was 225.801, and in 1899 173,004. The capital is Pinar del Rio. PINAR DEL RIO. The capital of the prov- ince of the same name in Cuba. It is situated on the south slope of the mountains, 90 miles southwest of Havana, with which it is connected by rail (Map: Cuba, li 4). It is the centre of the tobacco industry of the Vuelta Abajo, and a good road connects it with the port of C'olonia. Population, in 1899. 8880. PINA'RIA GENS. An ancient patrician tribe at Rome, who, with the Potitii, were be- lieved to have entertained Hercules and to have been taught the conduct of his worship, becoming his hereditarj" priests. According to the legend, Appius Claudius bought the secrets of the rites from the I'otitii, who were thereupon destroyed by Hercules, while the Pinarii continued in exist- ence until late times, though without great inii)or- tance. PINAS'TER. A kind of pine (q.v.). PIN-BORER, or Shot-Borer. Any of several of the liiuk lioring beetles (family ScoU'tida'), which in issuing from their food-plants leave holes through the outer bark, usually of very small size. See Bakk Beetle; Aiibrosi. Beetle. PINCH (from OF., Fr. pincer, to pinch, of unknown origin). A term used in connection with mineral deposits to indicate a markeck>t:y Bextox Stewart (1837—). An American lawyer and politician of African descent, born in Macon, Ga. lie was educated at the public schools in Cincinnati, Ohio, conunanded colored troops in the Federal army during the Civil War, and was a Louisiana State Senator in 1808-71. He was acting Gov- ernor of Louisiana in 1872 and was elected to Congress the same year. In 187.3 he was com- missioner to the Vienna exhibition from Louisi- ana, and he was nuide a member of the Board of Education of that State in 1877. and served as a trustee of the Southern University in 1883 and 1885. He studied law at" the Straight University and was admitted to the bar in 1S80. PINCHBECK (named from its inventor, Christopher I'itichhrrk. a London clockmakcr of the eighteenth century). An alloy of copper and zinc, usually in the proportion of five parts of