Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 16.djvu/448

* PRICE. 3)^6 PRICKLY HEAT. at the Fund Dissenting Aeadcni.y in London, was a private cliaplain at Stoke Xowington from 1743 to 1750, and in 1758 was appointed preacher at Stoke Xewington; later, until the year of his death, lie held this appointment in conjunction with the ministry of Hackney. In 1701) lie pub- lished his Trcdiise on Rcvcrsioitary I'ayinciits; this was followed hy his Apjxal on the tiubjcct of the Xdtional Debt, and by the compilation and publication of the celebrated Sortluimpton iloitaUtii Tables, and various works relating to life assurance and other annuities, forming most valuable contributions to the branches of science to which they respectively refer. In 1776 ap- peared his Obscrcatioiis on Civil Liberty and the Justice and the Poticy of the War with America. Of this work 00,000 copies are said to have been sold in a few luonths. So greatly was it admired in the United States that the American Congress in 1778. through Franklin, comniuuicated to him their desire to consider him a fellow citizen, and to receive his assistance in regulating their iinances; an oll'er which he declined, principally on the ground of age. The work procured him the freedom of the city of London, and in 178.'i, at the same time as Wash- ington, he received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Yale University. He died April 19, 1791. Consult Jlorgan. Memoirs of the Life of Itichard Price, D.D. (London, 1815). PRICE, Steklixg (1809-07). An American soldier, born in Prince Edward Count}', Va. He was educated at Hampden-Sidney College, but removed to Chariton County, Mo., in 1831. In 1844 he was elected to Congress, but in 1840 he resigned and raised the Second ^Missouri Cavalry for the Jlexiean War. Under Cien. Stephen W. Kearney he marched from Fort Leavenworth to Santa F^, suppressed an insur- rection, and conijileted the con(iuest of California. He was promoted to be brigadier-general of volunteers .Jiily 20, 1847, marched to Chihuahua, and defeated a Mexican force in one of the last battles of the war at Santa Cruz de Kasales, March 16, 1848. From 1853 to 1857 he was Governor of Slissouri. In the beginning of 1801 he was a "Conditional Union' man, and co- operated with F. r. Blair (ipv.) and his 'Uncon- ditional Union' party in calling the convention, of which he became president, to consider the secession of the State. He eventually joined the secessionists, was appointed major-general of State troops. May ISth, and began to organize the forces. He participated, luidcr ilcCuUoch, in the battle of Wilson's Creek, August 10, 1S61 ; retreated before General Fremont, and spent the winter at Springfield. On the approach of Gen. S. R. Curtis, he retreated into northwest Ar- kansas. On March 7-8, 1802, he participated, under Van Dorn, in the battle of Pea Ridge, and soon afterwards was made a mnjor-general of the Confederate .-^rmy, his commission being dated the day before this battle. Xext he served around Corinth, and joined General Beauregard at Tupelo. He was assigned to command the Army of the West, but ojierated first in Ten- nessee. On Sopteniber 19, 1802, he was defeated by Rosecrans at luka, iliss., and on October 3-4, 1802, took part in General Van Dorn's unsuccess- ful attack on Corinth. He served in northern Mississippi until February, 1863, when he was transferred to Arkansas. On -July 21, 1863. he took part in the unsuccessful attack on Helena. While in command of the district of Arkansas, under Gen. E. Kirby Smith, he opposed Gen. Frederic Steele. In September, 1804, he made a raid into Missouri, fought a number of battles and skirmishes, and gained 5000 recruits, but was forced to retreat into southwest Arkansas. Xt the close of the war he went to Mexico and became interested in a colonization scheme, but returned in 1800. Consult Snead, The Fight for Missouri (Xew York, 1880). PRICE, Thomas Randolph (1839-1903). An American scholar, born in Richmond, Va. He studied at the L'niversity of Virginia, and at Berlin and Kiel until 1861, when he came home and served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. In 1807 he was appointed to the professorship of Latin and Greek at Randolph College, and afterwards had the chair of Greek and English there, and the chair of Greek in the University of Virginia until 1882, when he was made professor of English language and literature iu Columbia University. He edited Othello in the Bankside Shakespeare (1890), and published previously The Teaching of the Mother- Tongue (1877) and Shakespeare's Yerse Con- struction (1889). PRICE, Sir UvEDALE (1747-1829). An Eng- lish dilettante, born at Foxley, in Herefordshire. He was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, but did not take a degree. At school and college he formed a close friendship with Charles James Fox, with whom he traveled in Italy and Switzerland, visiting Voltaire at Ferney. He was made a baronet in 1828. Price's principal puldicalion was the Es^ay on the Pictures(iue (1794; enlarged 1790; completed in 3 vols., 1810). In this famous essay he argued in favor of natural beauty against artificial landscape. Scott followed his views in laying out Abbots- ford. PRICH'ARD, James Cowles (1780-1848). An English [ihysician and ethnologist. He was born at Ross, iu Herefordshire, England. He was educated under private instructors, and later studied medicine at Bristol, London, and Edin- burgh. His real interests, however, were in ethnology, in which he maintained the theory of the primitive unity of the human race. In addition to his classical studies and the mastery of French, Italian, Spanish, and modern Greek, he devoted himself to Celtic, and was the first to show the Indo-Germanic character of the Celtic group of languages. He published several work» on insanity, one of which, his Treatise on In- sanity and Other Disorders Affecting the Mind ( 1835), was long a standard work, and was made commissioner in lunacy in London, where he died. Prichard was practically the founder of anthropological science in England. Among his numerous works the most important are: De Generis Hnmani Varietate (1808); Resrarches into the Physical History of Mankind (5 vols., 1830-47) ; -1 Reriew of the Doctrine of a Vital Principle (1829); Eastern Origin of Celtic Na- tions (1831); Different Forms of Insanity in Relation to Jurisprudence (1842) ; Natural His- tory of Man (1855); and On the Relation of Ethnology to Other Branches of Knowlcd'ge (1847). PRICKLY HEAT. The popular name for miliaria jjapulosa, formerly known as lichen I