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* PBEVOST D'EXILES. 384: PRIAM. novel, Manon Lescaut (1731). Provost remained once more two years in England, viewed askance by the Huguenot colony, and so thrown more with tiie Englisli. the result of which appears in Vlcre- land, oil le phUusuphe anglais (8 vols., 1731-38) ; Les memoires de M. de Montval; and an Irish novel, Le doi/en de Killerine (6 vols., 1735-40), which he followed after his return by a story l)ased on the life of the fascinating Greek ^irl, JMademoiselle ATsse, a then reigning Parisian celebrity. He died at Cliantilly, November 23, 1703. Prevost wrote also two other novels, Mcmoires pour scrrir a I'hisloire dc Unite, and Mcmoires d'un honnete homme; but the latter years of his life were devoted almost wholly to translations of the novels of Richardson, begun in 1742, !iy which he inlhienced literature more even than "by ilanon Lescaut, propagating an in- discriminating interest in England and the Eng- lish, whose democratic spirit inspired him to warm enthusiasm. Thus he helped to shake French confidence and pride of social and intel- lectual superiority, and to pave the way both for a cosmopolitan literar_y spirit and for Rousseau. Most of his novels are e.xotie in scene and in ethics, extravagantly romantic in structure, and with, a new intensity of sentiment in depicting the tragedy of middle life. His average work closely resembles the lesser novels of Defoe, but Manon is the proclamation in fiction of the "divine right of passion." It affected radically the novels of Rousseau and Diderot, and can be traced through Hugo, and Dumas, and George Sand, to the present day. Prevost himself tells us that the story is "a ter- rible example of the force of passion." The author does not preach, though his sympathy seems to go out toward his attractive sinner. The book is a portrayal of a coquette whose love of dress and finery as well as her passion for her chevalier are in desperate conflict with the miseries of life, to which contriliute a pack of scoundrels, including her own brother. The style of this epoch-making work is more natural than that in any other of the author's books. In Richardson Prevost found a fuller expression of himself than he had yet been able to attain. Pamela in English began to appear in 1740. Prevost recognized its value instantly, and in 1742 his French version appeared in London. The English Clarissa is of 1748-49, the French of 1751; Richardson begins Grandison in 1753; Prevost, while awaiting its completion, busies himself in an attempt to spread English and German literature in France through founding with Rousseau a Journal elrnnaer. Prevost's work was that of editor, as much as translator, and Richardson greatly ])rofited by the process, Pre- vost's (Eurres rhoisies ai)]icared in 39 volumes (Amsterdam, 1783-85; 1806). Of Manon Lescaut the editions are many. Consult : Texte, Jean Jacques Rousseau and the Cosmopolitan Spirit in Literature, trans, (Xew York, 1899) ; Sainte- Beuve, Portraits litteraires, vols, i.-iii. (2d ed,, Paris, 1804) ; id., Causeries da Jundi. vol. ix. (ib„ 1857-02); Hari.sse, L'Abhc Prevost (Paris, 1890), PRE'VOST-PARADOL, pa'ra'dftl', Lucien Anatole (1829-70), A French journalist and author, born in Paris, August 8, 1829. He studied at the Coll&ge Bourbon and at the Ecole Normale, and in 1851 obtained the French Aca<lciny's prize for eloquence. After obtaining his degree of doctor of letters in 1855, he was appointed to the chair of French literature at Aix; but in the following year resigned his professorship and became one of the editors of the Journal des Dehats, writing most of the leading articles. He also wrote for the Coiirricr du Diinunclie, and his opposition to the Empire and his advocacy of a responsible Jlinistry brought him into difficulties with the censorship. He was twice an unsuc- cessful candidate for a seat in the Corps Legis- latif. In 1805 he was elected a member of the Academy, and in 1808 visited England, where he received a warm welcome. Believing that the Empire had at last adopted the principle of parliamentary government, he consented in 1870 to fill the post of envoy at Washington; but, un- deceived by the events connected with the proclamation of war with Prussia, he com- mitted suicide at Washington, July 20, 1870. His chief works are: Reruc de I'histoire univer- selle (1854) ; Essuis dc politiijue ct dc littcrature (1859-03); Quclques par/es d'hisloire contempo- raine (1802-00); La France nouvelle (1808). Consult GrOard. Prevost-Paradol (Paris, 1894). PREYER, pri'er. Wilhelm Thierry (1841: 97 ). A German physiologist and ps.vchologist, born at Moss Side, near Manchester, England, He was educated at the universities of Bonn, Berlin, Heidelbei'g. Vienna, and Paris; became a lec- turer in the philosophical facultj' at Bonn in 1805; in 1807 in the facult}' of medicine also; and in 1809 was appointed professor of physi- ology and director of the pliysiological institute at <Jena. In 1888-93 he was a lecturer at Berlin. He made laboratory investigations in regard to spectrum analysis, propounded a theory of slee]), investigated the limits of per- ception of pitch, and applied the principles of H, G, Grassmann's (q.v, ) theory of e.N;tension to psychology-. He also conducted researches in connection with the blood, respiration, the color- sense, and other subjects. In addition to papers contained in the publications of learned ,societie9 and contributions to Pfliigcr's Archiv fiir die yesamte Physioloyie, Liebig's Annalcn, and other scientific periodicals, he wrote several volumes, including Die Blausiiure (2 pts., 1808-70) : Die lilutkrystalle (1871) ; Xaturicissen.schdftUche Thatsachen vnd Prohlcme (1880); liiologische Zeitfragcn (2d ed. 1889) ; Die Heele dc» Kindes (4th ed. 1895) ; Zur Psychologic des Schreibens (1895); and Daruin; sein Leben und ^Yirken (1896). PRI'AM (Lat, Priamus, from Gk, Upla/inr). In (ireek legend, a son of Laomedon and Strymo or Placia (others give his mother other names), and last King of Troy. His name was originally Podarces, but was changed to Priam, on account of his having been ransomed by his sister Hesione from Heracles, who had made him prisoner when he captured Troy from Laomedon, His fir.st wife was Arisbe, daiighter of ilero])S, whom he gave away to a friend in order to marry Hecuba, by whom, according to Homer, he had nineteen sons; though from other wives the number was in- creased to fifty and as many daughters, whose names, with some variations, may be found in Apollodorus and Hyginus. The best known of the sons are Hector. Paris. DeVphobos, Helenus, Troilus. and of the daughters, Cassandra and Polyxena, Priam is represented as too old to