Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 16.djvu/410

* PEATT. 348 PRAXITELES. land School for the Deaf and Dumb, at Freder- ick, and the Pratt Free Library, which he pre- sented to the city of Baltimore and which was opened in 1880. PRATT, Oksox (1811-81). A Mormon apostle, born at Hartford, X. Y. He received only a common school education, but in later life" managed, despite great difficulties, to acquire considerable knowledge, particularly of mathe- matics. He joined the Mormon Church in 1830, and soon rose high in the organization, becoming one of the Council of Twelve in 1834 and one of the Twelve Apostles in 183.5. He was accounted one of the most eloquent preachers in the Church, and made numerous missionary journeys to Eng- land and elsewhere. Because of his champion- ship of his faith as a writer and speaker, he be- came known as the Paul of !Mormonism. Pratt was many times a mcndier of the Utah Assembly, and was several times its Speaker. From 1874 until his death he was Church historian and Church recorder. He was also professor of mathe- matics in the University of Deseret. He discov- ered in 1854 the "law of planetary rotation," and wrote a numljer of books on mathematical subjects. His published works include: Divine Aiithcnticilil of the Book of Mormon (1849); tlrciit First Cause (18.31) : CiiJiiennrl Birjii'itlrntic Equations (1806) : Bible and Polygamy (1870) ; Key to the Universe (1866). PRATT, P.^RLEV Parker (1807-57). A Mor- mon apostle, called the Isaiah of his people, brother of Orson Pratt. He was born in Bur- lington, X. Y., joined the ilormons in 1830, and five years afterwards had risen to the dignity of one of the Twelve Apostles. He worked as a missionary in the East and !Middle West ; in 1840 was sent to England and at Manchester established the Millrnnial Star; and on his return to America accompanied the party which first visited the valley of the Great Salt Lake, in which Parley's Peak and Parley's Canon wete named for him. After missionary work on the Pacific Coast he set out for the East, but was nnirdered near Van Buren, Ark. His works include: Voice of Warninfj (-1837) ; History of the Persecutions in Missouri (1839) ; and Key to the Hcieiwe of Theology (1854). PRATT, SAMfEL .T.CKSON (1749-1814). An English writer, better known in his day as CoiRTXET ilELMOTii. His fatjier was a brewer of Saint Ives in Hinitingdonshire. The son was ordained in the English Church, but he soon aban- doned the pulpit for the stage. For several years he performed with little success in Lon- don, the provinces, and Ireland. Pratt published an immense luimber of books, some of which went through several editions and were translated into French. They comprise verse, travel, criticism, biography, and the drama. PRATT, Silas Gamaliel (1840—). An American composer, born in Addison. Vt. His musical education was obtained under native teachers, mitil he was 22 years old, when he went to Berlin for advanced work under Bendel and Kullak, and, on a subsequent visit, with Dorn (in score-reading). He organized the Apollo Club of Chicago in 1871. His opera Zcnohin was given in 1882. In 1800 he was appointed professor of piano in the New York Metropolitan Conservatory. He published a lyric opera, Lucille (1887), several symphonies, sym- phonic suites, songs, and part-songs, many of which have been very successful. PRATT INSTITUTE. A coeducational school for manual and industrial training, in Brooklyn, N. Y., established in 1887 hy Charles Pratt. Besides the high school, which provides a general education, the Institute comprises nor- mal, technical, and trade departments, with a to- tal attendance, in 1902, allowing for duplications, of 3183 (2100 being women), distributed as fol- lows: High school, 202; fine arts, 927; domes- tic arts, 757; domestic science, 250; science and technologj', 611; kindergarten, 160; library, 38; gymnasium, 524. The department of domestic art is especially known for its excellent courses in cooking and sewing. A banking institution, known as the Thrift, is maintained for saving and investment by the students. The Institute con- ducts both day and evening classes, and as it has a liberal endowment, amounting in 1902 to $2,- 383,920. it makes merely nominal charges for tui- tion. The buildings, which are seven in number, well-equipped with excellent laboratories and museums, were valued in 1902 at $1,179,473, and the income was .$144,093. The librar.y con- tains 70.000 volumes. The management is in the hands of a board of five trustees under the. presidency of Charles M. Pratt. PRATZ, prats, Le Page du (?-1775). A French explorer in America. He was born in the Low Countries, served in the French army, and, about 1718, having acquired an interest in the French Compagnie d'Occident, went to New Or- leans. His attempts to found a colony were im- successful, but he explored the basins of the Mis- souri and Arkansas, spending eight years inland. Du Pratz returned to France in 1734. He pub- lished Histoire de la Lomsiane (1758), a work of considerable historic value. PRAWN (formerly also praun, prune, prob- ably from Lat. perna, sea-mussel, ham). A shrimp-like crustacean of the family Palsmoni- d.TP, remarkable for a long serrated beak project- ing from the carapace. ]Many of them are semi-transparent, and exhibit very fine colors; they are also very active creatures, and most in- teresting inmates of an aquarium, but are ex- cessively voracious, and apt to make great havoc among its other inhabitants. The common Euro- pean prawn (Pala-mon serratus) attains a length of three or four inches. It is even more esteemed for the table than the shrimp. Several species of edible prawns occur on the coasts of the United States, but the best known and most abundant of these is Palwmonetes riihinris, which is found among the eel-gi-ass in shallow water from Massa- chusetts to .South Carolina. PRAX'EAS. A Unitarian schismatic of the end of the second century. He was born in Asia ilinor; became an ardent Patripassianist, and an upholder of other anti-trinitarian views ; and preached this heresy at Rome, and then in Carth- age where Tertullian opposed him in defence of _;Montanism. Tertullian's attack on Praxeas's monarchism, Adversus Praxeam (between 206 and 210). is our only source for his life. PRAXIT'ELES (Lat.. from Gk. Upa^irfKv')- A celebrated sculptor of ancient Greece, of whose life little certain is known, except that he was a citizen of Athens, and lived in the fourth century B.C. Pliny gives Ohnnpiad 104 (B.C. 304-301) as his date, and Vitruvius saj-s he worked on the