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* POTSDAM. 319 POTTER. north of the city, founded by Frederick William III., in 1820; the Xeu-Garten, stretching along the Heilige See, with the ilarble Palace on the lake ; the Ptingstberg in the north, with a fine Belvedere ; the Klein-Glienicke on the left bank of the Havel, with the palace of Prince Frederick Leopold, surrounded by a splendid park ; the pal- ace of Babelsberg, with its fine art collections and beautiful fountains; the Brauhausberg, com- manding a fine view of the surrounding country ; and the Telegraphenberg, with an astro-physical observatory. The population of the city was 59.814 in 1900, chielly Protestants. The importance of Potsdam dates from the sec- ond half of the seventeenth century, when the Great Elector Frederick William built there a palace and laid out the Lustgarten. It was, how- ever, during the reign of Frederick the Great that Potsdam attained its full development and fame. Consult: Geschichte der k^jniglichen Resi- denzstadt Potsdam, ed. by A. R. (Potsdam, 1883) ; Sello, Potsdam und Sans Souci {Breslau, 1888). POTS'DAM. A village in Saint Lawrence County, X. Y., 25 miles east of Ogdensburg; on the Raquette River, and on the Rome, Water- town and Ogdensburg branch of the Xew York Central Railroad (Map: Xew Y'ork, F 1). It is the seat of a State normal school, with a library of 5000 volumes, and of the Thomas S. Clarkson Memorial School of Technology, founded in 1895. Potsdam sandstone (q.v. ) is quarried extensively in the vicinity. Other industries are agriculture and lumbering. The principal manufactures in- clude paper, flour, lumber products, farm imple- ments, and machinery, the industrial interests of the village being favored by the excellent water power of the Raquette River. The water works are owned by the municipality. Potsdam was settled in 180.3 and incorporated as a town in 180G. The village of Potsdam was incor- porated in 1831. Population, in 1890, 3396; in 1900, 3843. POTSDAM SANDSTONE. The uppermost division of the Cambrian system, so called from the type locality at Potsdam, Xew York. The rock is a red or yellow sandstone, sometimes al- tered to quartzite, and of great hardness. It is extensively employed as a building stone. The formation is developed on the borders of the Adirondack ilountains, and in Virginia, Michi- gan, and Wisconsin. See C.mbbiax System. POTSTONE (translation of its Latin name, laiiis olliiris). An impure variety of talc con- taining chlorite. It is generally greenish-gray to dark green in color, and occurs massive or in granular concretions. Being easily cut when newly mined, it was made into pots and other household utensils by the ancients, the method of making vessels from it being described by Pliny. It was formerly procured in abundance in the island of Siphanto and in Upper Egypt ; also on the Lake of Como, Italy, and in Xorway, Sweden, and Greenland. POTT, ArcusT Friedrich (1802-87). A dis- tinguished German philologist, the founder of modern scientific etymology. He was bom at Nettelrede. Hanover. X'ovember 14. 1802, and was educated in the lyceum at Hanover, studied theology, philology, and natural sciences at Giit- tingen (1821-25). then was assistant at the gymnasium in Celle until 1827, when he went to Berlin to become a pupil of Bopp. In 1830 he became privatdocent there, and in 1833 was appointed professor of comparative philology at the University of Halle, which position he occu- pied until his death, July 5, 1887. The work which established his reputation was the Ety- moloffische Forschungen auf dem Gchiete dcr iiidogermanischen Sprachen (1833-30), pub- lished afterwards in a revised and much enlarged edition under the title Wurzelworterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (1859-76). The most important among his other writings include: De Lituano-Borussicw in Slavicis Letticisque Lin- gitis Principatu (1837-41) ; Die Zigeuner in Eu- ropa und Asien (1844-45); Die quinare und vigesimalc Zahlmethode bei Volkern aller Welt- teile (1847); Die Personennamen, in.sbesondere die Familiennamen und ihre Entstehungsarten (2d ed. 1859) ; Die Ungleichheit menschlicher Rassen, Jiauptsuchlich voin sprachwissenschaft- lichen Standpiinkt (1856); Anti-Kaitlen, oder mythische Vorstellungen vom Vrsprung der Vijlker und Sprachen (1863) ; Allgemeine Sprack- wissenschaft und Carl Abels iigyptische Hprach- studien (1886). Besides many essays and critical reviews in various periodicals, he contributed important treatises to Ersch and Gruber's All- gemeine Encyclopiidie and edited Wilhelm von Humboldt's Veber die Verschiedenheit des menschliehen Sprachbaues, with an introductory essay, Wilhelm von Humboldt und die Sprach- wissenschaft (Berlin, 1876; 2d ed. 1880). Con- sult: Von der Gabelentz, in Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, vol. xxvi. (Leipzig, 1888) ; and Horn, in Bezzenberger's Beitriige zur Kunde der indogermanischen Sprachen, vol. xiii. (Gottingen, 1888). POTT, Percival (1713-88). An English sur- geon. He was born in London, served as assistant surgeon in Saint Bartholomew's Hospital, 1745-49, and as surgeon, 1749-87. He was distinguished for his investigation of angular curvature of the spine, the consequence of disease of the bones of the spinal column, on which account the affec- tion is known as Pott's disease (q.v.). His principal works are: A Treatise on Ruptures (1756; 3d ed. 1775) ; Fistula Lacrymalis (1758; 5th ed. 1775) ; Observations on Wounds and Con- tusions of the Bead, etc. (1760) ; Practical Re- marks on Hydrocele (1762; 2d ed. 1767); Re- marks on Fistula in Ano (1765; 4th ed. 1775) ; 'Some Fete General Remarks on Fractures and Dislocations (1769; French ed., Paris, 1788: Ital. ed., Venezia, 1784) ; Remarks on That Kind of Palsy of the Lotcer Limbs Found to Accompany/ a Curvature of the Spine (1779). POT'TER, Alonzo (1800-65). A bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He was born at Beekman ( now La Grange ), Dutchess County, Xew York, of Quaker parentage, .July 6, ISOO. In 1818 he graduated at L'nion College with the highest rank in his class. He served as tutor in his college and in 1821 was appointed pro- fessor of mathematics and natural philosophy. At the same time he studied theology, and was ordained in 1824. The same year he married a daughter of President Eliphalet Xott, of L^nion College. From 1826 to 1831 he was rector of Saint Paul's Church, Boston! In 1832 he returned to Union as professor of philosophy; in 1838 he wa^ made vice-president, and was virtually presi- dent until 1845, when he was chosen Bishop of