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* PLOW. 126 after plowing. Fall-plowed land should general- ly be left rough. Unless the soil has very good natural drainage the plowed land should have open furrows from 10 to 15 paees apart. Thor- ough and deep plowing is most economically per- formed with a large sulky plow with three or more horses (Fig. 5), e.vcept when the fields are small. PLOYESHTI. ment as counsel for those of his own faith, Bishop Bonner being one. His present reputation, liow- ever, rests chiellj- on a series of reports of trials, Les ('omenta) if s. etc. (London, 1.571 ; trans.. Dub- lin, 1702: London, 1810), written in law French, made by him and extending over the entire period of his connection with tlie bar. They are val- uable as a careful and clear record of early Fig. 9. AMEBICAN METHOD OF STEAM PLOWING. Consult: Roberts, Fertility of the Land (New York. 1S'J7) ; Brooks, A'rricultiirc, vol. i. (.Spring- field, I'JOl) ; King, J'hi/.sics of Ayricultun- (Mad- ison, 1901) ; Ardrey, Atnerican Afiricultiiral Im- plements (Chicago, 1894) ; Missouri Experiment (Station Bulletin No. 32. Plows and Plovnng (Columbia, 1888) ; Utah E.xperiment Station Bulletin No. 2, Plow Trials (Logan, 1890) ; United States Census Report 1860, volume on Agriculture. PLOW'DEN, Edmund (1.518-85). An English jurist. He was born at Plowden, Shropshire ; studied at Cambridge for three .vears, an<l in 1538 entered the Middle Temple, where after several years of close ajiplication to legal studies he was called to the bar. He took an active part in public affairs, and was one of the council of the Marches of Wales in the first year of Queen Mary's reign, and later sat several times as a member in Parliament: he was one of the 39 who, in 1554-55, withdrew from Parliament because dissatisfied with its proceedings, and against whom the -Attorney-Oeneral filed informations. Plowden defended his case, and the matter was dropped. I'pon the <leath of Mary and the ac- cession of Eliza1)etli, Plowden failed to receive any further political prefernienf because of his faith- ful adherence to the Roman Catholic Church ; but he retained his reputation as the greatest lau-yer of his day and a most fearlessly upright public man. During his early career he was twice a reader of the Jfiddle Temple, and he was its treasurer at the time when its present fine li- brary was begun. (See Tn'ns of Coi'rt. ) He frequently appeared in court against the Govern- ]jrceedents, and for the light they throw upon . early legal procedure and development. Besides these he wrote Lcs Quceres del Monsieur Ploirden (London, trans., 1G62). Consult: Fuller, The Worthies of England (London, 1062) ; Granger, liiographienl History of England (1824); Wal- lace, The Reporters (Boston, 1882) ; and such books as Strype, Works; Murdin, State Papers; Jones's Index, etc. PLOWMAN'S TALE, The, A rhyming bal- lad liy an unknown poet, written about 1395, printed as a Canterbury tale in Thynne's second edition of Chaucer, 1542. It is a deuunciation of Roman Catholicism in the story of a dispute heard by a plowman between a grilBn (Rome) and a pelican ( Lollardism). , PLOW MONDAY, or Rock Monday. The name of the Monday after Twelfth Day, or the close of the Christmas holidays, when the work of the plow is supposed to start again. In Eng- land in some places the day is devoted to rustic sports. A plow is dragged from door to door by plowmen, who ask for contributions. PLOYESHTI, plfi-ygsh'te, or PLOESTI (Rum. Ploesci). A town of Rumania, capital of the District of Prahova, 38 miles north of Bucharest (Map: Balkan Peninsula, F 2). It is advantageously situated in a petroleum- hearing district and is rapidly increasing in commercial importance. Its educational in- stitutions include a lyc^e, a school of arts and crafts, an institution for teachers, and a commer- cial school. Ployeshti is an important military centre. Population, in 1900, 42,687.