Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 16.djvu/15

* PICKLES. PICOT. of various vegetables, as cucumbers, onions, cauli- ridge, which rises "613 feet high in the peak flowers, and of spices, pickled together. Chow- (Pico), whence the name of the island. The chow is a mixed pickle to which mustard is chief product is wine. Population, in 1900, 16,- added. See Food, Preservation of. 026. PICKLE WORM, or Pickle Moth. A moth of tlie family Pyralid;e ( Uinphania nilidalis), which occurs abundantly throughout the South- ern and Western United States, and lives, in the larval state, in cucuml)ers. boring into them and destroying them when about half-grown, or at about the stage when they are preferably used for pickles, whence the popular name. It also feeds upon other cucurbitaceous plants, such as the squash, cantaloupe, and melon. The early generation of this insect feeds vipon the leaves of the same plants, and there is little doubt that by carefully spraying with arsenicals before the fruit is grown the insect may be held in check. PICK'NELL, William Lamb (1854-97). An American landscape and marine painter, born at Hinesburg, Vt. He studied under George Inness at Rome from 1873 to 1875, under Gerome at Paris in 1875, and under Robert Wylie in Brit- tany until 1879. He returned to America in 1882, passing his sunnners at Anquisham, Jlass., his winters in England and Southern France. He became a member of the Society of American Arti.sts in 1880, and of the Society of British Artists in 1884. He received medals at Boston (1881 and 1888). and a gold medal at the Paris Salon with his "Jlorning at the Loing" (1895), He died at Marhlehead, JIass. His work is nat- ural and unafi'ectcd, and shows a tine feeling for line, brilliant light efl'ects, and rich color, though he also succeeded well with the shimmering mist in his gray marines. His chief works include: "Route de Concarneau" (1880), Corcoran Gal- lery. Washington; "Borders of the Marsh" (1880), Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia; "A Stormy Day"' (1891): "Coast of Ipswich" (1882), in the Boston Museiim ; "Sunshine and ]5rifting Sand" (1895); "Bleak December" ( 1887), in the Jletropolifan Museum, Xew York; "A Suhrv Day" (1884); "Wintry March" (1885); ""November Solitude" (1887)"; "Among the Olives" (1894) ; "Midwinter on the Littoral" (1895) ; "Route de Nice" (1890). PICKWICK CLUB, The Posthumous Pa- pers of the. a novel by Charles Dickens (1837). It was undertaken to accompany a set of comic sketches by Seymour, appearing as a serial in 1830 and 1837, and established JDickens's literary success, A work of humor throughout, giving rather loosely connected accounts of comical char- acters in many walks of life, linked together by tlie adventures of the amiable Mr. Pickwick, cliairman of the Club of Solemn Stupidity. Mr. Pickwick, with his associates, Tupman, Winkle, and Snodgrass, pursues his investigations in various parts of England, in the course of which he runs across the inimitable Sam Weller, Sam's father, the coachman, the 'shepherd,' Stiggins, the hospitable Mr. 'ardle. of Dingley Farm, im- pecunious Alfred .Tingle, and .Tol) Trotter, the 'portable engine,' the buxom Mrs. Bardell, who brings the famous breach of promise suit, Mr. and Mrs. Leo Hunter, and other minor char- acters, PICO, pe'ku. One of the Azores-Islands (q.v,), belonging to the central group. It is 36 miles long and 4 to 10 miles wide, with an area of 176 square miles. It is traversed by a volcanic PICO BELLA MIRANDOLA, del'la me riin'- do-la, (.;ioVA..i. (.(lunt (14i;3-94), An Italian pliilosopher and theologian. He was born Febru- ary 24, 1463, the son of the sovereign prince of Jlirandola and Concordia. From his fourteenth to his sixteenth year he studied at the t'niver- sity of Bologna, and afterwards visited the prin- cipal schools of Italy and France, everywhere distinguishing himself by his extraordinary facil- ity of acquisition. He is said to have known more than twenty languages; he was familiar with the ditlerent phases of the scholastic philosophy, and was also versed in mathematics, logic, and physics. At the age of twentv-three he returned to Rome, when Innocent Vllt. was pontiff, and immediately sought an opportunity of showing his learning in the most striking manner, by publicly posting up no fewer than 900 theses or propositions in logic, ethics, physics, mathe- matics, theology, science, and cabalistic magic, drawn from Latin, Greek, .Jewish, and Arabic writers, offering to maintain an argument on each against all the scholars of Europe, and un- dertaking to pay the expenses of those who came from a distance. Pico presumptuously entitled his theses De Omni Re Scibili (On Everything that can be Ivnown). Pope Innocent VUI, re- fused to allow Pico to carry on this discussion, inasmuch as some of his theses were deemed heretical. But Alexander VI. cleared him of the charge of heresy. He died November 17, 1494, at the early age of thirty-one. A complete edi- tion of his works was published at Bologna in 1496; it has since been frequently reprinted. In philosophy Pico was a Xeo-Platonist, though his thoughts are tinged with cabalism. Consult: DreydortT, Das System des Johannes Pico von Mirandola und Concordia (Marburg, 1858);ri/a di (liovanni Pico dcUa Mirandola, filosofo platonico (Florence, 1882) ; Pater, Stud- ies in the Histori/ of the Renaissance (London, 1873) ; also his Life bv his nephew, translated by T. Jlore (ib., 1890)." PICOT, ps'k6', Francois Edouard (1786- 1868). A French historical painter, born in Paris, He was the pupil of David and Vincent, and won the Prix de Rome in 1813. His works include: "Cupid and Psyche" (1819); "Orestes Sleeping in the Arms of Electra" (1822); an "Annunciation" (1827); and decorative paint- ings in the Louvre, and in Paris churches. He received a first-class medal at the Salon of 1819, and the cross of the Legion of Honor in 1852. In 1836 he was elected to the Institute. PICOT, Georges (1838—). A French jurist and historian. He was born in Paris, studied law, and in 1865 was appointed judge at the Seine tribunal. In 1877 he received a post in the Ministry of .Justice, from which he retired when (irc'vy became President, to become editor of I.e I'arlemrnt. the org:ui of the Left Centre. In 1878 he was elected to succeed Thiers in the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, and in 1896 became its peri)etial secret^iry. Among Picot's writings the chief are: Rechcrches stir la mise en libirti san^ caution (1863) ; Les Elections aux Etats nfnfraux dans les prorinces, 1S02-16H (1874); Bistoire des Etats gcniraux (1872;