Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 16.djvu/107

* PIXJS IV. 79 PIZABRO. in the Roman Catholic Church, as well as of all converts to that eonnnunion. It begins by em- bodying the Nicene Creed, and proceeds to the later more elaborate definitions. Successive ar- ticles declare belief in apostolical and ecclesias- tical traditions and all other observances and constitutions of the Holy Roman Church; the Holy Scriptures according to that .sense which the Church has held and does hold ; seven sacra- ments of the new law instituted by Christ and necessary for the salvation of mankind, though not of everj' one; the definitions of tlie Council of Trent concerning original sin and justifica- tion ; the doctrine of a true, proper, and propi- tiatory sacrifice in the mass, transubstantiation, and the reception of Christ whole and entire under either kind; a purgatory, the souls de- tained in which are helped by the prayers of the faithful ; the veneration and invocation of the saints reigning together with Christ, and the veneration of their relics and of sacred images; the power and use of indulgences ; and the posi- tion of the Holy Catholic Apostolic Roman Church as the mother and mistress of all churches. It concludes with a promise of fidelity to this faith and of obedience to the Bishop of Rome, successor to Saint Peter, Prince of the Apostles and Vicar of Jesus Christ. Its full text may be found in Schaff, Creeds of Christen- dom (Xew York. 1877-78). PITTS IX., Order of. A Papal order of merit with two classes, founded by Pius IX. in 1S47. It is conferred on the nobility for virtue and merit. The decoration is an eight-pointed blue star with . gold fiames between the arms. The device is Yirtuii et Merito. llembers of the order have a dark-blue uniform embroidered in gold. See Plate I. of Orders. PI'tTTE. A name loosely applied to vari- ous small bands of Shoshonean stock (q.v.), scattered over the arid region between the Rocky Jlountains and the Sierras^ from the Colorado almost to the Columbia, in Xcvada, northwestern Arizona, eastern California and Oregon, western Utah, and southern Idaho. According to Powell, who took a census of the bands in 1873, the name properly belongs only to those living in or ad- joining southwestern Utah, while those now gathered upon Pyramid Lake and Walker River reservations in Nevada, popularly and otficially recognized as Piute, are really of another tribe and language, which he calls Paviotso. Still others he classes with the Shoshoni and Banak. As there is practically no tribal cohesion, and but few cultural differences among the various bands, the only classification must come from a close study of the dialects. A few bands, as the Chemeluievi along the Colorado in northwestern Arizona, and the Mono in the Sierras of eastern California, have acquired a separate tribal recog- nition. Those of Oregon and the north are fre- quently known also as Snakes. See Shoshoni. The meaning of the popular name is unknown: they themselves pronounce it in three syllables, Pai-u-ii. Those on Walker River Reservation, and probably the others as well, desginate them- selves by the common Shoshonean term Ifuma; 'People.' " Living i;i a country too barren, as a rule, for agriculture or large game, the Piute subsisted chiefly upon wild seeds, berries, and roots, grass- hoppers, and jack rabbits, with fish and ducks from the few scattered lakes. Their houses were the so-called imkiups, low, dome-shaped or elliptical structures open at the top, covered with mats woven from rushes, and equipped with a variety of well-made baskets, but other- wise destitute of furnishing. They formerly went nearly naked, excepting in the coldest weather, when they wrapped around their bodies thick blankets woven from jack-rabbit skins cut into strips with the hair left intact. Their ordinary weapons were the bow and arrow and club. They did not use the lanco or shield, and very few owned horses. The dead were usually cremated. Although stolid and apparently of ■ low mental type as compared with the Plains tribes and their kindred, the Banak and Ute, they seem to hold their own well in the presence of civilization, and several of their men have at different times acquired reputation and influ- ence far beyond their own boundaries. The Ghost Dance religion, the greatest Indian religious movement of modem times, originated among the Piute of Walker River Reservation. Some of tha bands were hostile up to 1864, since which time treaties of peace have been made and a large number assigned to reservations. As a people they are now etficient workers among the whites, avoid the vices of civilization, w-ear citizen's dress, are healthy and apparently increasing. Those officially designated as Piute are in Cali- fornia, near Fort Bidwell, 200; in Oregon, Kla- math and Warmsprings agencies, 185; in Utah, near Saint George, 100; in Nevada, Pyramid Lake, Walker River, and Wester, Shoshoni agen- cies, 1300; "not under an agent," about 3700. PIXIS, pik'sis, Theodor (1831—). A Ger- man historical and genre painter, born atKaisers- lautern. While studying law at the University of JIunich, he took up painting at the Academy under Foltz and Wilhelm von Kaulbach, and after his return from a sojourn in Italy ( 1856- 58 ), executed in the National Museum, at Mu- nich, three mural paintings of episodes in the history of Charles X. and Charles XI. of Sweden (1859-61). Besides a series of cartoons to Ger- man folk songs and illustrations to Milton's Para- dise Lost, a cycle of twelve paintings to Kinkel's epic poem Otto der Sch.iitz, and a "Wagner Gallery" (1868-94), forty-five cartoons and paintings to Wagner's operas are among his most meritorious works. Subsequently he paint- ed also portraits and especially charming scenes from child life. His easel pictures include "Hnss at Constance Saying Farewell to His Friends" (1850. Bern Museum) ; "Calvin Visiting Servetus in Prison" (1862) ; "Tlie Thespian Chariot in a Scrape" (1873); "Arrival of Itinerant Actors" (1876) ; and "In Front of a Jeweler's Shop." PIX'LEY-FUL'FORD, Annie (1855-93). An American actress. She was born in New York, but she began her career as a singer in Cali- fornia. She was married to Robert Fulford in 1871 and made her debut on the dramatic stage in San Francisco in 1876. She appeared in New York in 1878. Her best-known jiart was that of Jl'liss in the dramatization of Bret Hartc's story. She died in London, November 8, 1893. PIZABBO, pe-zar'rrt, .S'/). prnn. pe-thar'rfl, Francisco (c.1470-1541). The conqiieror of Peru. He was the illegitimate son of Gonzalo Pizari'O. a prominent soldier in the army of the great captain Gonzalvo de Cordova, and was born at Trujillo, in Estremadura, Spain, where he