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PARODY. elaborate parody of real consequence, Irving's Knickerbotlcvr's llintor^i of .ew Yorli, changed under its author's hands into a masterpiece of humorous narration. W'itli the next generation came authors original enough to be parodied not only in America, but iu England; for ex- ample, Willis, Lon''f<'llt)v, and Poe. It was even found worth -liile to parody, in a volume modeled on the Kcjcclcd Addresses, versifiers whose names are now scarcely remembered. The Civil War gave an im|)etus to the writing of parodies. Some clever ones are to lie found iu the works of professed hiiniorists like D. K. Locke ('retroleum . Nasby") and R. H. New- ell ("Orpheus C. Kerr"), but the most important and sustained is Richard Grant White's Ifcw Gospel of I'cucc. Of recent years Walt Whitman is naturally the writer who has best lent himself to parixly. Rret Harte (q.v. ) and Baxard Tay- lor, in The Echo Club and Other Lilcrnry binr- sions, arc probably the most important writers of parody with regard to both quantity and qualit.y. l<'or the earlyhistory.consult.with its bib- liography, Delepierre, Easni sur la parodic (I^on- don, 1871). A popular history of parody with ex- amples from modern literature is given by JIartin in On Parodfi { Xew York. 1890). Fora larger collection, cdnsult Hamilton, Parodies of the M'orls of Eiuillsh and American Authors (Lon- don, 1S.S4-8H). Some good specimens of re- cent verse-parody may also 1k> found in Miles, The Ports and Poetry of 1hr Century, vol. ix. (ib., 18H7), and in other anthologies. See also the articles on the writers here mentioned, and the article on Blrlesqite.

PAROLE (Fr. parole, word, from Lat. para- bola, com]iarison, speech, parable). When a military or naval officer is released from close confinement, or allowed any extraordinary privi- lege on the sole security of his word of honor, he is said to be on parole. On guard, or any other post, where precautions against an enemy are necessary, a certain word is previously agreed upon, which is known only to the officers of the guard and of the day. and such other officers as for special reasons may be intrusted with it. It differs from the countersign (q.v.) in that the latter is given to all sentries and men of the guard, while the parole is confided entirely to officers of the guard and those in similar au- thority.

PAROQUET. See Parrakeet.

PA'ROS (Lat., from Gk. ndpus). An island of the C'yelades, in the Grecian Archipelago. It is situated west of Naxos. from which it is separated by a channel from four to six miles wide. Greatest length, fifteen miles; greatest breadth, nine miles; area, about ninety-five square miles. Population, in 1896, 7740. The island is chielly a mountain mass, rising in the centre in the ancient ^Marju-ssa. now Mount Saint Elias, to a height of nearly 2500 feet. In the valleys the vine and grain are cultivated, but the chief im))ortance of the island in ancient times was due to the marble, and especially the highly esteemed Lychnites, which was much sought by sculptors. Parikia, on the west coast, on the site of the ancient Paros. is the principal town. Ancient tradition attributed the earlv coloniza- tion of the island to Cretans, who called it Minoa: later it was settled by lonians. It early enjoyed prosperity from its marble and its numerous sculptors. Later it submitted to Per- sia, and was unsuccessfully attacked by Miltiades after the battle of Jiaralhon. After the Per- sian wars it joined the Delian League, and shared the fortunes of the neigliboring islands. Like other Cyclades. it jiassed under the rule of the Ptolemies of Egypt, and in u.c. 197 was presented to the Athenians by Rome. Since then it can scarcely be said to have had a sciiaratc history. It was celebrated in literature as the native place of the poet Archilochus. and is also known from the discovery of the famous Parian Clironicle. See Abundel Marules.

PAROTID GLAND. See S.u.ivAnY Gland.

PARQUETRY ( I'r.. inlaid llooring, from pur- qucttr, to lloor with small pieces of wood, from parquet, inlaid floor, diminutive of jmrc, inclo- sure, park). A kind of wood mosaic used for llooring and .sometimes for wainscoting or fur- niture. In the more elaborate kinds of par- quetry, veneers are used, but it is much more generally composed of blocks of wood often of different colors, laid down so as to combine and form a geometric ])attern. The patterns are usually bounded by straight lines. The pieces are laid Hush and liat on the upper surface. For this purpose the edges are usually grooved so as to lit snugly into each other, though other methods of laying are also followed. PARR (so called probably from the parr- marks or crossbars on the sides). A young salmon before its first migration to the sea, and when its sides still show indistinct bars. Com- pare Smolt; see Salmon.

PARR, Catharine (1.512-48). The si.xth and last <-,)uccn of Henry ViU. of England. She was the daughter of Sir Thomas Parr, of Vendal, ^estmoreland. Married first to Lord Burgli, and afterwards to Lord Latimer, she was wedded, not without misgivings, to Henry VIIL, on July 12. 1543. She was distinguished for her learning and knowledge of rcligicms subjects. Her inlluence was for good; she persuaded Henry to restoie the right of succession to his daugh- ters; wished to educate them and Prince Edward, and interested herself on behalf of the universi- ties. In 1544, during the absence of Henry at the siege of Boulogne, she act^d as Regent of the kingdom. After Henry's death she married (1547) Sir Thomas Seymour, and died after childbirth the following year.

PARR, Mrs. Louisa (maiden name Taylor) (c.1848?— ). An English novelist, born in Lon- don. She passed her early life in Cornwall. Marrying a physician in 18G0, she settled at Kensington. Before this she had written a story entitled Bow It All Happened (in Good VTords, 18G8). This graceful story, translated into French, appeared also in the Journal des Debat.i. Her first three-volume novel, Dorothy Fox (1870), was well received. But she first gained her audience with Adam and Ere (1880), which depicted with faithfulness the quaint fish- ing village of Polperro in Cornwall. Among subsequent novels are Loj/alty George (1888); The Squire. (1892); and' Can This Be Lovef (lS9fi).

PARR, Samuel (1747-1825). A once notable English scholar, born at Harrow-on-the-Hill. He was sent to Emanuel College, Cambridge,