Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 15.djvu/391

PABASITE. Table or Trixcipal Parasitic Animals GROUP Species Host Remarks Protozoa Iibizofjod& Some Amcebre are parasitic. Alimentary tract of man, mam- mals, insects. Sporozoa AH are parasitic. Behavior In the body like pathogenic bacteria. Infusoria Numerniip parasitic forms, e.g. : Balantidium coli. Colon 0! man. TricluMliuji'. On gills and glU-cavity of frog. Opnliiia. Bladder and gut of frog. llulnpiiyra multiniiis. Surface of flsh. Ancistnim. Mantle cavity of mussels. Anoplophrya. Intestine of various marine in- vertebrates. PORIPERA No true parasites. Cliona bores In shells (Sponpes) of lamelllbranchs. C<£LENTERATA A very few species: Polypodlum Immature ova of sturgeon (Us- hydriforme parasitic at one sow). sta^t'. CuniuH. a medusa. In other medusne. Edwardsia. an actinian. In Ctrenophora. Pemmatodiseus siicialls. On Rhizostoma (Montlcelll, 1898). Gastrodes, a ctenopUore. In Salpa. SCOLECIDA Turbellarm A few RhabdoctPla: Graffllla In kidney of the gastropod murieicola. Murex. Feoampia erythrocephala. In gut of crab (Carclnus mtenas). Trptnatoda All parasitic: Two cases. (Liver flukes) . Only one host: young like On or In gut and bladder of Called 'monogenetic* adult, ectoparasites. aquatic animals. . Two hosts ; endoparasites. The asexual generation in Mol- liisca: the sexual, usually in gut of some vertebrate. Called 'dlgenetic' Cestoda All parasitic, with or without alternation of generation. Adults in various vertebrates ; young stages also in Inverte- Two hosts required (Tapeworms) for complete de- brates. velopment. Nematoda Mostly parasitic. Plants and animals, chiefly ver- tebrates. Complicated life his- (Round worms) tory. frequently with alternation of gen- erations. Acantbocepbela Four genera, all parasites. Rarely in man : the young live chiefly in arthropods; the adults in vertebrates, especial- ly flsh intestines. Nemertinea. Rarely parasitic. Malacobdella. In laraelllbranchs. Rotifera Various species; order Piolma. On or in fresh-water Oligochffita. Order Seisonaceae. On the crustacean Nebalia. Marine, form much modified. POLYZOA None parasitic. M0LLU8CA Eulima, Stylifer, Thyca. Holothurla, star - fishes, echi- Imbedded in skin, of- Gastropoda noids. ten forming tumors. Entoconoha mirabilis. ") Kntocholax, Entovalva. / Inside of Synaptidro (Holothu- Attached to blood- roidea). vessels or muscles. Sistrum. Certain corals. ECHINODERMATA No parasitic species. Annelida. Chsetopoda Labrorostratus and Hicmato- In the body cavity of other chceto- pods. (Sand- worm 8) cleptes (Eunicidfl'). Some species of Polynoe. f Species of Mysostomldee. ( Most species are ectoparasites. In other invertebrates, as cri- uoids, on which galls are formed. Hirudinea Molluscft vertebrates Temporary parasites. (Leechee) JJ V/llUDl-Clf, T^tU^I^&(4 t/^LZt. some leeches are Crustacea Many Copepoda, e.g. : Argidus. carnivorous. Surface of fishes. (■aligns. On gills of fishes. Lernieonema. In flnsh of fishes. Some Cirripedia, especially Sac- Crabs ; beneath abdomen. Reduced to mere culina. sacs. A few Amphipoda, e.g. ; Oyamus. Skin of whales. Hyperia. In the jelly of large medusro. Many Isopoda, e.g. : " Anceus. On the flsh Cottus. Bopyridfp. On the gills of Crustacea. Cymothoidffi. On fishes. INSRCTA Many plant parasites. (Vrtain groups of animal para- (Insects) HitfH, e.g. : Maliophaga (bird-lice) l Pediculldffi On'e). / Birds and mammals. Ectoparasites, n feathers and hairs. Membranacei (bed-bugs). Warm-blooded vertebrates. Temporary ectopara- sites. Strepsipt^ra. Bees and wasps. Aphaniptera (fleas). Birds and mammals. Ectoparasites. Pupijtara (shci-p-lice). Birds, mammals, and bees. Stationary ectopara- sites. Cu]icidM'(moH(iultoes) and many Warm-blooded vertebrates. Ectoparasites. other Miptera. Chalcididte. Ichneumon tlins. Other insects. Active in the larval stage.