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* OUGHTRED. 159 OtrSELEY. He entered King's College, Cambridge, in 1592, where he became a fellow in 1595. He was rector at Albury, near Guildford in Surrey (1610), and about 162S engaged by the Earl of Arundel to tutor his son in mathematics. Oughtred was among the first to use modern sjTubols of operation, particularly X for mul- tiplication and : : for equality in the algorism of proportion. Abbreviations for sine and cosine are found in his work on trigonometry. His principal mathematical works are: Clavis Mathe- maticee (1631): Triffonometiia (1657); Solution of All Spherical Triangles (1657); Canones Sinuum, Tangentium, Secantiiiin et Logarith- morum, etc. ( 1657 ) ; Opuscnla Mathematica Bac- tenus inedita ( 1677 ). OUGREE, oo'gra'. A town of Belgium, in the Province of Li6ge, situated three miles south of Li&ge. It is an important industrial centre with coal mines, blast furnaces, rolling mills, and machine shops. Population, in 1900, 12,835. OUIATCHOUAN, we-a'chwiin. An affluent of Lake Saint .John Canada. OUIDA, (30-e'da, Fr. pron. oo'e'da'. An Eng- lish authoress. See Ramee, Loui.se de la. OTTLESS, ooles, Walter William (1848—). An English portrait painter, bom at Saint Holier, .Jersey. He studied at the Royal Acad- emy, began to exhibit there in 1873, and was elected a member in 1881. His work includes the portraits of many of his notable contempo- raries, and he is ranked among the first of the English portrait painters. OUNCE (Fr. once, Sp. onza. It. onza, lonza; perhaps, by loss of initial I, supposed to repre- sent the definite article, from Lat. lynx, Gk. f.i-yS, lynx : according to others the I is ultimately connected with Pers. yoz. panther). A large cat (Felis uncia), which resembles the leopard, but has much rougher and longer hair, and a longer and much more bushy tail ; the general color is also paler, the rosette-like spots are less sharply defined, and there is a black .spot behind the ears. Its range is very extensive, for it is found in Persia, Northern India, Tibet, China, Siberia, and even Saghalien. It frequents rockj' ground, and is adapted to cold climates, so that in the warmer countries of its range it is found at con- siderable elevation. It feeds chiefly on goats, sheep, and other quadrupeds, but rarely attacks man. See Plate of Wild C.t.s. under Cat. In South America 'ounce' and its equivalents usually refer to the jaguar (q.v.). OUNCE. See Weigiit.s and Measures. OUR AMERICAN COUSIN. A comedy by Tom Taylor, produced in 1858. The leading characters are Lord Dundreary, created by Sothern, and Asa Trenchard, the Yankee, by Joseph Jefferson. At a performance of this play at Ford's Theatre, Washington, Lincoln was assasinated. OURAY, oo'ra (1820-80). An Indian chief, born in Colorado, where his people, the I'ncora- pahgre Utes. bore in their special tribal title, which is probably a corruption of 'un compadre,' the evidence of their friendship to the whites. Ouray himself was engaged in a fierce .struggle with the Sioux in his early manhood, and his only son was captured by his enemies, never to be restored ; but he was always the 'white man's friend,' spoke and wrote .Spanish, and adopted civilized habits, living for many years on a farm which he cultivated himself. His inliuence with his people was firm, and the tribe never broke a treaty. Even in 1879 he was successful in his attempts to restrain them from rising at the time of Meeker's murder. Ouray visited Wash- ington several times, and brought about the sale of the Ute reservation in Colorado. OURIQUE, 6-Te^e. A small town in Southern Portugal, noted for the great victory over the Moors won by Alfonso I. in 1139. This victory secured for him the kingship of Portugal. It afterwards became famous in legend. The Chris- tian forces were said to have been 13,000, the Moorish 406,000. Christ was said to have ap- peared to Alfonso, promising victory and the royal title. OUR MUTUAL FRIEND. A novel by Charles Dickens (1865). It contains two stories. The principal plot concerns .John Harmon, who, under the disgui.se of Rokesmith, keeps watch of his large fortune and marries Bella Wilfer. The other story centres around Lizzie Hexam, the bargeman's daughter, and her lover, Eugene Wrayburn. Mr. Boffin, the "Golden Dustman.' and his wife connect the two stories. The minor characters are Silas Wegg, Jenny Wren, and old Betty Higden. OURO PRETO, 6'ro prfi'to ( Port,, black gold, from the color of the argentiferous rocks in the neighborhood). A city and formerly the capital o^ the State of Minas Geraes, Brazil, situated on the western slope of the Serra do Espinhaco, 170 miles north of Rio de .Janeiro (Map: Brazil, J 8). It is a very picturesque town, with quaint buildings; but, being founded as a mining town, its location was selected only with a view to easy accessibility to the mines. It is built on the side of a very steep hill, and is shut in by a mountain on one side and a narrow gorge on the other, so that it has no room for expansion. For this reason the State Government was removed in 1894 to Bello Hori- zonte or Minas (q.v.). Its gold mines, which formerly yielded rich returns, are now almost abandoned, and the town has greatly declined. Previous to 1894 its population was 26.000: in 1899 it was only 14.000, OUSE, ooz. The chief river of Yorkshire, England (Map: England. F 3). It rises by two headstreams in the Pennine Hills on the border of Westmoreland, and flows southeastward until it joins the Trent to form the Humber (q.v.). Its total length is 130 miles, and it is navigable for large vessels 45 miles to York. OUSE, Gre.t. a river of England, rising in Bedfordshire, and flowing northeast into the Wash at King's Lynn (Map: England, G 4). It is 160 miles in length, and navigable for about 50 miles. OUSELEY, oozli. Frederick Arthur Gore (182589). An English Church composer and musical theorist, born in London, After his graduation from Oxford, he entered holy orders and became a curate in London : after which he was appointed precentor of Hereford Cathedral in 1855, and incumbent of Saint Michael's, Ten- bury, in 1856. He was one of the founders, and later warden, of Saint Michael's College. Ten- burv, an institution for the instruction of boys