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* OBB. 122 ORSINI. tion of 18G0, of which lie was a member. After its passage, however, he accepted the appoint- ment as one of the three commissioners sent to Washington to treat for the transfer of Federal property within the State, and after his return organized and commanded Orr"s Regiment of .South Carolina Killes. Before they had seen any real service, however, he resigned liis commission in 18G2 to enter the Confederate Senate, of which he continued to be a member until tlic end of tlic war. when he was elected Covcrnor of South Carolina as a Republican. Later he was for a time I'nited States Circuit .Jiidjie. and from 187:{ until his death was I'nited States Minister to Russia. ORRENTE, r.r-n'in'tu, Pedro (c.1570-1G44). A Spanish painter, born at Montealegre, Province of Murcia. lie probably was a pupil of E! Greco at Toledo, but was an imitator of ,7acopo da Ponte, after whose manner he i)ainted chictly Scriptural subjects, in which animals and land- scape could suitably be introduced. Hence he was called the Spanish liassanu. lie worked at To- ledo, Murcia, and Valencia, where he established a prosperous school, then at Cuenca, Madrid, and Seville. Although he treated all kinds of sub- jects, he is the chief painter, amtrng the Span- iards, of cattle, sheep, and other animals. The best of eight pictures by him in the Madrid Mu- seum include the "Sacrifice of Isaac," "Repose of Lot's Family," and ".doration of the Shepherds." The Dresden Gallery contains ",Iacob Lifting the Stone from the Well" and the Vienna Museum. "Christ Healing the Sick" and ".John the Ha|)- tist." An excellent portrait of himself is in the Louvre. OR'RERY. An astronomical instrument, showing tile motions of the planets round the sun, and of the satellites round their planets, which was in high repute during the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries, though now regarded as a mere toy, 'the orrery was probably invented by (Jraham, but named after Cliarlcs lioyle. Karl of Orrery in Ireland. It is a combination of the old planetarium (q.v.) with other machines which showed the motions of the earth, moon, and planetary satellites. Though the construction of a machine which would exhibit accurately the motions, distances, and magnitudes of the planets is impossible, yet an orrery is in some degree useful as giving a general notion of the way in which the planetary motions are performed. ORRERY, Fahls of. See Boyle. ORRIS ROOT (jirobably a corruption of Iris root). The rootstock (rhizome) of certain Euro- pean species of Iris (i].v.), namely Iris Floren- tina. Iris Pallida, and Iris Germaniea, the first of ■which yielils the ]>rini'i|)al supply. Orris root was fo'rmerly used in many medical preparations as a stimulant, but is now almost entirely disused. It is sometimes chewed to sweeten an offensive breath. In drying it acquires a pleasant smell of violets, on which account it is used in per- fumery. ORSAY, or'sii', Alfred Guillaume Gabriel, Comte d'. See D'Oksay, Alfred Guillaume Gabriel, Count. ORSEILLE, or'sA'y'. See Archil. OR'SHA. A town in the Government of Mohi- lev, Russia, situated on the Dnieper, about 45 miles north of Mohilev. It trades in grain to a considerable e.tent. Population, in 1897, 13,101. OBSI, or'se. AciiiLi^ d' (1845—). An Ital- ian sculptor, born at Naples, where he studied at the Royal Institute, and in IH75 won a stipend which enabled him to supplement his artistic training in Rome. At the international art exlii- bition of IS77, in Naples, a life-size group, "The Parasites," attracted universal attenlion by its vigorous characterization ami detailed realistic treatment. His "Proximus Tnus," re|)resenting an exhausted peasant, found its way into the Na- tional (iallery in Rome. ORSINI, or-se'ne. A noble family of Rome, celebrated as the cliampions of the Guelphic cause against their hereditaiy enem.v, the Colonna (q.v.). They trace their origin to the early cen- turies of the Christian Era, but first ajipear prom- inently toward the end of the twelfth century, when a member of the house was elected to the Papal throne as Celestine III. Their strife with the Colonna frequently iilunged the city into tur- moil, and their rule, like that of their rivals, jiressed heavily on the inhabitants. The line of the Orsiui divided into the seven branches of Pitigliano, San Savino, Tagliacozzo. AngiuUara, Ojipido. Bracciano, and Mentana. The only sur- viving branch is that founded in Naples b.y Fran- cesco, first Duke of Gravina. The members of the family who attained especial distinction were: Giovanni Gaet. o Orsini, who became Pope as Nidiolas III. and PiETRO France.sco deoli Or.sini, who ascended the Papal chair as Benedict XIII. — Paolo Ohhini was a famous condottiere of the first half of the fifteenth cen- tury, and fought against Ladislas of Naples and Francesco Sforza. ViRfiiNio Orsini (died 1497) fought for the Papacy under Sixtus IV., and against it under Alexander VI. He made com- mon cause with Charles VIII. of France in I4!)4, and was punished by imprisonment at Naples, where he died. Renzo da Ceri (died l.'J3(i) was a general in the service of Francis I. of France, and fijught against the Ennieror, Charles V. He conducted the defense of Rome against the Im- perialist troo])s in 1527, and after the storming of the city held out for some time in the Castle of Saint Angelo. Paolo Giordano Orsini, Duke of Bracciano, was the husband of the un- fortunate Virginia Aecoramlioni (q.v.). — Anne Marie de la TrIsmovili.e (1635-1722). widow of Adrien Blaise de Talleyrand. Prince of Clialais, married, in IC75, Flavio Orsini, Duke of Bracciano, and became an ardent and skillful supporter of the French policy at the Papal court. In 1701 she went with Philip V. to Spain in the official capacity of mistress of the (Jueen's household, but in reality as the young King's adviser. She sought to establish the Bour- bon throne in Spain on a firm basis by creating a national party in support of the new King, and with the exception of a short period of disgrace, exercised almost absolute power at the Spanish Court till the death of Philiji's t^ieeii. After the marriage of Philip V. to Elizabeth Farnese she retired from Madrid, and lived in Holland, Genoa, and Rome. Con.sult: Litta, Fnni if/lie rclchri ita- liane, vol. viii. (Milan, 1810 et seq.); Combes, La princessc des Urshs (Paris, 1858). ORSINI, Felice (18in-.58). An Italian rev- olutionist. l)orn in Meldola. and known for his attempt on the life of Napoleon III. While a