Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/93

* MOUNTAIN PLANTS. MOUNT DESERT. proportion of ciiileiiiic plants. This is doubtless due to tlieii- relative isolation. il(juntaiii en- demisin is partieularly cliaraeteristic of tlie al- pine forms. prolial)ly because the eonditions for their niif;nilii>n are less favorable than for those farther down. Some plants eliaraeteristic of mountain habitats are shown in the aeoompany- ing plate. Si'e Knukmism. MOUNTAIN PLOVER. A ring-plover (.■Effialitis iiKjnhiiiij ). very common throughout the Koeky .Mountain region and neighboring plains, where its sandy gray plumage renders it almost invisible when it alights. It remains in the open lands, ami rarely ascends above the level (8000 to 9000 feet) of the interior 'parks.' It breeds tlirnugh<pit its summer habitat. MOUNTAIN QUAIL. A local name of two Californian 'partridges': (1) the 'plumed' par- tridge (Oreortyx pictus) ; and ('2) fJambel's par- tridge (Lophorty.v Gambeli). See Quail. MOUNTAIN SHEEP. ■ The Rocky Mountain Shee)!. See liiciiOKN. MOUNTAIN SPINACH. See Okache. MOUNTAIN SYSTEM. A term rather loosely used, but Hbiili ])roperly refers to a num- ber of parallel or consecutive mountain ranges formed during the same geological period, but in separate areas of crusted folding. Thus the Appa- lachian system comprises the Appalachian, Aca- dian, and Ozark ranges, each of which follows a common direction although lying within a differ- ent geosynclinal fold. MOUNTAIN TEA. See Oailtiieria. MOUNT AUBURN. A well-known cemetery in Cambridge. Mass.. containing the graves of many celebrated men, in<luding Longfellow', Lowell, Charles Sunmer. and Phillips Brooks. The beautiful grounds cover 125 acres. MOUNT AYR. A town and the county- seat of Itinggold County, la.. 75 miles south by west of Dcs Moines ; on the Chicago. Burlington, and Quincy Railroad (ilaj): Iowa. C 4). It has a fine court-house and public school buildings, and is important chiefly as a trade centre for a fertile agricultural and stock-raising section. Population, in 1SH0, 12ti.-); in 1000. 17'29. MOUNT CAR'MEL. A mountain range of Palestine. See Cah.mel. MOUNT CARMEL. A city and the county- seat of Waliash County. 111.. 25 miles southwest of Vincennes. Ind.; on the Wabash River, and on the Southern and the Cleveland, Cincinnati. Chicago and Saint Louis railroads (Map: Illi- nois, E 5 ). It has a fine court-house and city hall. Water power is obtained from the river; and besides railroad shops of the Big Four, there are nuinnfactories of machinei-y supplies, pulleys, shafting, paper, strawboard. lumber, spokes, staves, woodenware. furniture. ;ind flour. Set- tled in 1818. Mount Carmel was chartered as a city in 1865. Population, in 1890, 3376; in 1900, 43il. MOUNT CARMEL. A borough in North- uuibcrland County. Pa.. 2.8 miles east-southeast of Sunbui'v: on the Lehigh Valley, the Northern Central, and the Philadelphia and Reading rail- roads (Map: Pennsvlvania. E 3). There are sev- eral anthracite mines here and in the vicinity, and an important coal trade is carried on. The borough has also manufactures of lumber, hats and ca|js, miners' lamps, shirts, eigare, etc. Pop- ulation, in 1890, 8254; in 1900, 13,179. MOUNT CAR'ROLL. A city and the county- seat of I'arriill (Uunly, III., ten miles cast of the jSIississippi River; on the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railroad (Map: Illinois, B 1). It has a public high school library and the Frances Shimer Academy. There are valuable mineral deposits, especially iron ore. in the vicinity, which is interested mainly in agricul- ture and stock-raising. Population, in 1890, 1830; in 1900. 1905. MOUNT CLEM'ENS. A city and the county- seat of Maconil) County, Mich., 20 miles nortii- east of Detroit; on the Clinton River, at the head of navigation, and on the Grand Trunk Railroad (Map: Jlichigau, L 6). It is a popular summer and health resort, beautifully situated, and noted for its mineral springs, which possess curative properties for many diseases. The city has an active Chamber of Commerce, a public library, and well-equipped hotels and bath-houses. Its industrial interests are represented by a large beet-sugar factory, cooperage works, a casket manufactoi-j', and an establishment pro- ducing carriages, wagons, sleighs, and agricul- tural implements. Settled in 1802, Mount Clem- ens was incorporated first in 1878. The gov- ernment is administered, under the conventional charter of Michigan cities of the fourth class, by a mayor, annuall.v elected, and a unicam- eral council. The city owns ;ind o|ierates the water-works. Population, in 1890, 4748: in 1900, 576. MOUNT DESERT, de-zert' or dez'ert. The largest of the numerous islands on the coast of ilaine. It belongs to Hancock County, and is sep- arated from the mainland on tlie nortliwest by a channel from one-half to two miles wide, and on the northeast by Frenchman's Bay (Map: Maine, G 7 ). It is 15 miles long and 8 miles broad, with an. area of about 100 square miles. Its outline is very irregular, a long, narrow bay or fiord almost separating the island into two halves. The surface is rugged and mountainous, rising to a height of over 1500 feet, and present- ing a line of bold cliffs along the northeast coast. The island is surroiuuled by a number of rocky islets, and there are several beautiful lakes in the interior, giving a varied character to the scenery, which has made Moimt Desert a favorite summer resort. The island has three convenient harbors. Bar Harbor, Northeast, and Southwest, and numerous villages, varying in popularity as summer resorts, the most noted being Bar Harbor. First discovered by Cham- plain, who gave the island its name. Mount Desert was settled in 1608 by French Jesuits, their colony of Saint Saiiveur on Somes Sound, however, being destroyed eight years later by an expedition from V'irginia. A permanent set- tlement here (Somesville. which is thus the old- est on the island) was effected by the English in 1701. The towii of Mount Desert was incorpo- rated in 1789. Since that dati- the towns of Eden, Cranberry Isles (three miles from South- west Harbor), and Treniont have been formed from the original district and incorporated, re- spectively, in 1796, 1830. and 184S. Population, Cranberry Isles, in 1900. 374: Eden, in 1890. 1046; in 1900. 4379: Mount Desert, in 1900, 1600; Tremont, in 1900. 2010.