Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/883

* OGLETHORPE. 753 OGROWNEY. OGLETHORPE, o'g'l tliOip, James Edward ( 1U'J(J-17S5) . An Englisli gi-iieral and philan- thi'opist, the founder of Georgia. He was born in London, December 22. lO'JU, and in 1710 en- tered the army. In 1722 he entered Parliament as member for Haslemere. The unhaiipy death of a friend in the debtors' pri.son drew Ogle- thorpe's attention to the horrible abuses of that institution. He brought the matter before Par- liament, and was appointed ehairman of a com- mittee to investigate the subject. This experi- ence led to the formation of a plan of coloniza- tion as a means of atl'ording relief to insolvent debtors. In 1732 Oglethorjie and others oljtained a charter granting them a tract of land in America, between the Altamalia and Savannali rivers. The plantation was called (leorgia, in honor of George II., who was much interested in the project. Liberal subscriptions were made, and a Parliamentary grant of £10,000 was ob- tained. Oglethorpe was appointed Governor, and in Xovember, 1732, sailed with 120 colonists, who founded the town of Savannah (q.v. ). Oglethorpe was tor nine j-ears the guiding spirit of the settle- ment. Aside from his administrative activity, his claim to distinction in colonial history lies in his determined efforts to turn back the Spanish tide of colonization and conquest in the South. In expectation of an attack from the Spaniards at Saint Augustine, Oglethorpe organized the defenses of the little colony, and in 1738 he brought over a volunteer regiment of 600 men recruited in England. Upon the outbreak of the War of Jenkin's Ear iu 1739, Oglethorpe suc- cessfully repelled an attack on Amelia Island, by the Spaniards, and in May, 1740, marched against Saint Augustine at the head of a force of 2000 militia and Indians, but in spite of the cooperation of a small fleet he was forced to abandon the attempt. In the spring of 1742 a threatened invasion of Georgia by a large Span- ish force was repelled by Oglethorpe, who in- flicted a severe defeat on the enemy at Frederica and thus assured the colony imnumity from at- tack. In 1743 Oglethorpe was made brigadier- general, and in the same year he returned to England, a step rendered necessary b.v his finan- cial obligations, most of which were incurred in advancing the necessary sujiplies for the defense of Georgia. During the Stuart invasion of 1745 Oglethorpe was accused by the DuU'e of Cumber- land of failure to overtake the .Jacobite fugitives when sent in pursuit of them. He was court- martialed, but acquitted. In 17.52 he and the other trustees of Georgia resigned their charter, and the colony became a royal province. There is an admirable biography by Wright, Memoirs of James Oglethorpe (London. 18G7). Consult also Lecky, Enijhind in the Eighteenth Century, vol. i. (New York, 1879). See Georgl. OGMORE (og'mor) AND GARW (giir'oo). A. coal-mining town in Glamorganshire, Wales, 2'.i miles southwest of Bridgend (Map: Wales, C 5). During the last decade much activity has been .shown in the promotion of public industrial im- provements. Of arclueological interest in the neighborhood are Ogmore Castle, a Norman ruin: the remains of the twelftheentury fortified priorv of Ewenny; and Coitv Castle and Church. Population, in 1891, 13.800;' in 1901, 19,912. O'GOR'MAN". TiioMA.s (1843-). An Ameri- can bishoj] of the Roman Catholic Church, born in Boston, Mass. He lived in Chicago and in Saint Paul, Jlinn., until 1853, and for twelve years thereafter studied in France. In 1867 he took a pastoral charge in Kochester. Minn., but left it in 1878 to become a member of the Paulist conuiiunity in New York City for four j-ears, and was then pastor at Faribault, Minn., until 1885. The following year he went to Saint Thomas College, Saint Paul, as professor of dogmatic theology, and was the first president of that in- stitution. In 1890-95 he was professor of mod- ern Church history in the Catholic University, Washington, D. C. He received his D.D. degree from the Pope in 1893, and in 1890 was conse- crated Bishop of Sioux Falls, S. D. His publica- tions include A llislorii of the Roman Catholic Chiireh in the United htales (1895). OGOWAI, O'g.Vw;-!', or OGOVE, 6'g.i'vfi'. The principal river of French Congo, equatorial West Africa. It rises about 150 miles northwest of Stanley Pool, and flows first northwestward through extensive savannas, and then westward through a dense forest region, where it leaves the inland plateau in a series of falls and rapids. Finally turning southwestward, it enters the Atlantic Ocean through a large delta in latitude 1° S. The Ogowai flows thnnigh a densely popu- lated country, liut, owing to its numerous rapids, its conunercial importance is not as great as it was thought to be before its upper course was explored. Its length is over 700 miles, and it is navigable for small steamers a distance of 200 miles from its mouth. Along its banks are a number of European trading stations. O'GRA'DY, Standisu (1840—). An Irish author, and promoter of the Celtic renaissance. He studied at Trinity College, Dublin, where he graduated with high honors. Then he read and practiced law, but gave it up for journalism, and that in turn for Irish history and legend, a field in which his studies and publications are very important. They include The Bog of Stars, legends of Elizabethan Ireland (1893), and other collections of tales: and historical essays: Bis- 'iP'.V of Ireland (1881); The Story of Ireland (1894) ; and, with Sir G. Carew, Pacata Biher- nid, or the Wars in^ Ireland (1896). O'GROW'NEY, Et'GENE (1803-99). An emi- nent Irish Gaelic scholar, born at Ballyfallon, Athboy, Ireland. He entered the Diocesan Semi- nary of Saint Finans at Navan, and while there developed an interest in the G:ielic langiuige and literature. Later, while a student in Maynooth College (1882-88), he devoted his leisure 'to the study of Irish history and antiquities. In 1889 he was ordained to the priesthood, and appointed a curate in the parish of Ballinaearrigy, County Westmeath. In 1890 he was appointed associate editor of the Gaelie Journal. Previously to this, during his vacations from JIaynooth, he had paid several visits to the Aran Islands to learn the folk-tongue Irish, and in common with Professors Zimmer and Kuno Meyer, did much to establish the reputation of Inis Meadhoin as an Irish sumaier school. He afterwards held the reestablished chair of Irish at Maynooth and later was elected a member of the Royal Irish Academy. He wrote many text-books, as well as numerous contributions to the current publications. In 1894 his health gave way, and he came to America, and settled in Arizona. He died at Los Angeles, Cal.