Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/870

* O DONOJU. 7-10 CEDEMA. make terms with the victorious revolutionist. He sijined the Treaty of Cordoba, which niaile .Mexico au empire, and surrendered the city itself ( 1821 ). Meanwhile he was elected one of the provisional agents, and died soon after. O'DON'OVAN, John (1809-61). A distin- guished Irish liistorian, archaeologist, and Gaelic scholar. He was born in Attatcemore, County Kilkenny. In 182G he obtained work in the Irish Record "uilice, and in 1S20 was appointed to a post in the historical department of the Ordnance Survey. In the discharge of his ollice he ex- amined many Irish manuscripts and visited every part of the country, thus becoming an authority on Irish topography. In 1840 the Irish .reha;o- logieal Society was formed, and in the following year O'Donovan contributed a map of ancient Ireland to its first volume of publications. From this time till the year of his death he was a prolific writer on Irish history and antiiiuities. He was called to the Irish bar in 1847, having entered at Cray's Inn three years before. 0"Dono- van's chief work was an edition of the so-called Annuls of the four Mastcnx a compilation made in the seventeenth century by ilichael 0"Clery and a company of Irish Franciscans. This was finished in 18.')1, and the n«xt year O'Donovan was employed by the commission for the pul)lioation of the ancient laws of Ireland. He made ex- tensive manuscript collections for an edition of the Sfdnchiis Mor. but did not live to prepare them for publication. In 1845 he pulilished a Grammar of the Irish Laiiriunfie which was long regarded as the chief authority on the subject. Of O'Donovan's remaining works the most im- portant were issued by the Irish Archaeological Society or the Celtic Society. ODONTOLCffi. See Bibd, Fo.ssil. ODONTOLOGY. See Dentistry; Teeth. DONTORTJITHES. A group-name for all those primitive birds which had teeth in the jaws (bill). See Bird, Fossil. O'D'WY'EB,, .TosEfii (1841 — ). An American physician, specialist in the diseases of children. He was born in Summit County, Ohio; graduated at the New York College of Physicians and Sur- geons : and became a practicing pediatrist in Xew York City. O'Dwyer invented, in 1885. in- tnliation of the laryn.x to take the place of tracheotomy. The method was very successful, especially in croup and diphtheria. ODYNIEC, o'dn'nf-ets, Antoxi Edward (1804 S5). . Polish poet ami critic, be.st known for his close relations with Jlickiewicz. He was born in Lithuania; studied at Viliia: and, settling at Warsaw. l)eeame editor of Mrlilrlr. a periodical which reflected the aims of the young Romanti- cists of the time. He had already written transla- tions from the Oernian, especially Riirger. and the two volumes of romantic verse entitled Porzi/r (1825). After several years in Dresden and Leipzig, he returned to Vilna in 1837 and for twenty years was editor of Kurjrr WiloUki. an olVicial journal. His dramas include: Frlin/tn (1840) .dealing with the early Christian martyrs; and liarlinrii l!ailziuil/>irnn (1858). an historic piece of the time of Sigismvmd .ugustus. /,f.i/i/ z pndrfihi (1875-78) tells of his travels with Mickiewicz. OBYS'SETJS. Sec Ults-SES. OECOLAMPA'DIUS, Joiia.nxes (14S2-1531). (Jne lit the mu~t eminent of the coadjutors of Zwingli in the Swiss Keformation. The name Uicuhimpadius is a Gra'cized fiu-m, after the .fashion of the time. His real name is variously given as Heussgen, Hiissgen, Hausch, and Huschke; at any rate it was not Hausschein, as has been inferred from the meaning of tKcolam- padius. He was born in 1482 at A'einsberg, Wiirttemberg. He first studied at Heilbronn. then at Heidelberg, where he took his B.A. and M.A. (1501), and altered his name as many scholars of the age did. His father desiring him to study law, he repaired to Bologna to hear a certain famous professor, but, the climate not agreeing with him, he returned in si. mouths to Heidel- berg and studied theology, which was his per- sonal preference. After a while he returned home, but, again in pursuit of knowledge, he went to Tubingen (1512) and studied Greek at Stuttgart under Reuchlin, and Hebrew under the Spanish physician JIatthew Adrian, at Heidel- berg. In I51G he began preaching at Basel, where he formed the acquaintance of Erasmus, who highly appreciated his classical attainments and secir<'d his assistance in his edition of the Xew Testament. In 151S he was preaching at Augsburg, and in 1520 entered the Brigittine convent at Altmiinster, near Basel. But Luther's publications exercised so great an inlluence on him that he left the convent in 1522 and became chaplain to Franz von Siekingen, after whose death he returned to Basel in Xoveniber, 1522, and, in the capacity of preaclier and professor of theology. eonuneneed his career as a refurmer. In the controversy concerning the Loril's Sup- per, he gradually adopted more and more the views of Zwingli, and at last maintained them in 1525, in a treatise, to which the Swabian min- isters replied in the Hiin(ritmma Hiirririim. In 1529 he disputed with" Luther at Marburg. He died at Basel. Xoveniber 24. 15.31. There is no collected edition of his writings. Consult his Lift' bv Herzog (Basel. 1843), and by Hagenbach (KlIuTfehl, 18.59). (ECOLOGY. See Ecology. (ECUMENIUS, ("'k'u-me'nl-ils. A theological authcir (if the tentli century. He was for .some time Bishop of Tricca. in Thessalia. and is stip- poscd to have written the following Greek com- mentaries to the Xew Testament : 'F,j;/}7/(it;c e'l^ra^ nai'/oi'f:r«Tro/'nc rrnaof (a commentary on all the Epistles of .Saint Paul ) ; 'E j;/j;;fff/f f if nif -fmieic ruv 'A-i>t7rA?un' (a commentary on the Acts of the Apostles) : 'Ef//)//,fjo- Ii4vai twta-roKai (a commentary on the seven Epistles termed Catholic) ; and Vommcntaria in i^acros'inclii Qnnluor Christi Eramjelia, pub- lished by Hentenius in l<i41. but now generally asiribed to Euthymius Zygadenus. The Greek text of this last commentary was ])ulilished by C. F. Matthaei (Li'ipzig. i792). and a com- )ilete edition of all (Keumenius's writing was ]iiblished, in both Latin and (ireek, in Paris in Ki.^l. (EDEIIA (XcoLat., from Gk. oUr//ia, oidfma, swelling, from oidfii', oirlcin. to swell, from oidof, oif/os, swelling). The term applied in meclicine to the swelling occasioned by the effusion or infiltration of serum into cellular or areolar structures. The subcutaneous cellular tissue is the most common, but is not the only