Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/858

* OCELOT. 728 OCHTMAN. barred with dark brown or black. The ocelot is easily tamed, and is very playful, but excessively uiiscliievous and bloodthirsty. This animal is often called a 'panther-cat.' dCHELHATJSEB, eK'cl-hoi'zer, WiLHELii vox ( lS20-lliO:i ). A German economist and Shakespearean scholar. He was born at Siegen; was educated for a commercial career, and held several posts in the Imperial Ministry of Com- merce. Oechelhauser was appointed to the colonial council in 1S93, and in the same year received an honorary doctor's degree from Krlangen. In the field of economics he wrote: Die Taiifreform von 1S79 (1880) ; Die Arbeitevfruye (1S8G) ; and Soziale Taf/esfragen ( 1889). He did niueh to fur- ther the study of Shakespeare in Germany as founder and president of the Shakespearegesell- scliaft, as editor of a stage edition of Shakespeare (1878; 14th ed. 1894), and as author of Eiiifiih- rti>icii in Sltalccspcares Biihiiendraincn (3d ed, 189.5) and Shakespcareana (1894). OCHER. See Ociire. OCHINO, 6-ke'nr>. Berxardixo (1487-1566). An Italian preacher and theologian, born at Siena. He entered the Franciscan Order, and then the still more ascetic Order of the Capu- chins, of which he was made general in 1.538 and reelected in 1.541, Remarked for his preach- ing by Charles V., he rose to be confessor to Pope Paul III. The Reformation had begim to make converts in Italy, and Ochino's friends, among whom were .Juan dc Valdes and Vittoria Coloima, were suspected of leanings toward heresy. His sermons delivered at Venice (1.539) showed the influence of the Reformation, but no active step was taken until I54:i, when he was commanded to appear before the Inquisition in Rome and answer certain charges. Fearing the consequences, Ocbino made his way to Geneva. Here he published some more sermons of a Cal- vinistic nature, under the title Prcdiche (1542- 44), translated into German (1545). French ( 1546 and 1501 ), and English ( 1548 ). But with Calvin himself he could not agree. He left Geneva and wandered into Germany, sjiending some time at Augsburg (1545-47) as pastor of the Italian Protestant church there. He then went to London (1547-53), where be became a prebendary of ('anterlniry. and was ]ieusiiiiied l>y Edward VI. His Triificdi/. written in London, is suppo.sed to have inth.enccd Milton's Paradise Lost. In 1555 be went to Zurich, but his con- gregation was scandalized by his doctrines con- cerning polygamy and the Trinity, and he moved on to Cracow. Here, again, his sermons were criti- cised, and he died not long afterwards at Schla- ckaii in Moravia, Consult Benratli, li. Ochino von Siiiiti (Leipzig, 1875. and Brunswick, 1892; English translation, Xcw York, 1877), OCHOA, 6-chO'a, EiGE.Nio |>E (1815-72). A S]janish jioet, critic, and scholar, born at Lezo, in the Province of (iuipi'i/coa. He studied in ^ladrid and then went to Paris (1820), where he worked at the Ecole des Arts et Metiers, On his return to Madrid he contributed to the CIncrta dc Madrid, directed by .MluTto Lista, After the de- feat of his political friends, he went back to Paris, and, with Bnudry, edited the Colrrridn de los mrjorrs aiilorrs rspdnolrs, and prepared some new editions of Spanish classics. Ilis volume of poems, /•'ro.s did almn. appeared in 1841, and in Isn III' iM hIc a Catulogo razonado of all Spanish manuscripts in the Paris libraries. In the same year he returned to Madrid, and was appointed undcr-librarian of the National Library, and a member of the .Spanish Academy and of the Academy of Historj', His works include: /«- ccrtidiimhre y amor (1836); Paris, Loiidres y Madrid (ISOI); and ilisceldnea de literatura, riajcs y iiorclas (1807). OCHKE, f.'ker (Fr. ocre, from Lat. ocra, from Gk. w,vP"i .vellow ochre, from i^xpoc, ochros, pale). A mineral paint consisting of day colored with some oxide of iron, rarely of manganese, in various proportions, giving to the clay a lighter or deeper color. Ochres are conunon in many geological formations, more especially the young- er ones, in which the materials are consolidated. For use the material is dried, ground, and mixed with oil. The commercial value of the material de])entls on its shade of color, the regularity of distribution of the iron coloration, and the quan- tity of oil which is required to mi.: it up. Cal- cination is sometimes resorted to in order to produce the desired tint; the operation adds much to the depth of color, by increasing the degree of oxidation of the contained iron. The common color of ochre is yellow. Umber and sienna diller from ochre in containing manganese in addition to the iron. Raw vimber has a brown color, while burnt umber is of a red tinge. Raw sienna is brownish yellow, but when bui'ued it yields a rich russet brown pigment. The finer grades of ochres are used by ]ia inters, the coarser by carpenters for marking out their work, etc. Common ochre is found in many parts of the United States. The most important States producing it are Alabama, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, !Massachu- selts, Missoiiri, Xew York, Pennsylvania, Texas, Vermont, and Virginia, Umber and sienna are produced by Xew York, Pennsylvania, and Mis- souri, but nuich is also imported, France leads the world in the i)roducti(m of ochre, with C!er- niany second, and the United States third. Con- sult : Volumes of Mineral Resources, issued by L"nited States Geological Survey (Washington, annually) ; Hill, "Report on Metallic Paint (Dres .Mong the Lehigli River," .liiiiiial Urport of the Pennsylvania Geological Survey (Harrisburg, isso)! OCHRO, A vegetable. See HiBlscfS. OCHTERLONY, .-jK-ter-Io'nr, Sir D.wiD ( 17.58- 1825). A I'.iitisli general in India. He was born in Boston, Mass., of Scotch ancestry, and in 1777 went to India as cadet. In 1814. after the rising of the Xepalese. Ocbterlony was put in command of the forces west of the (iurkha fr(mtier, and was successful in stcirming the forts in tb<' hills, when the three other divisions were defeated or inactive. He closed the cam- paign at Malaun. where be received the surrender of Aniar Singh. Again, in the following year, when the Gurkha (Joverninent failed to ratify the peace, Ocbterlony with great energy and brilliaiii y reduced all opposition, OCHTMAN, ak'm-/n, Leonard (1854—). . American landscape painter, born at Zonne- maire, Zeehind. Holland. His family removed to .America in 1800 and settled at .Albany. X. Y. For a time he worked at engraving. b>it after- wards studied painting at the .rt Students' League in N'ew York City. His subjects are n-ii illy country scenes on or alxml the Mianus