Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/789

* NTJBAR PASHA. 671 NUEVA CACERES. 1878-70, 1884-88, and ISiU-!)."). As Minister of Foreign Aflairs he organized mixed courts for the adjudication of causes between Europeans and Egyptians. NU'BIA. An extensive region in Xortheast- ern Africa, lying between KgJ'pt proper and Kordofan. Its boundaries are now without polit- ical significance; the portion lying north of the 22d parallel of latitude has recently been incor- porated with Egypt, while the remainder belongs to Egyptian Sudan (q.v. ). Its limits have al- ways "been indefinite, and it may be roughly de- scribed as lying between the parallel of Khartimi and that of the First Cataract and extending from the Red Sea to the Libyan Desert (ilap: Africa, H 3). Vegetation is confined to a few scattered oases and to the very narrow valley of the Xile, which traverses the region in an ex- tremely tortuous course, receiving the Bahr-el- Azrek, or Blue Nile, in the south, and, farther down, the Atbara. The remainder of the country consists of the sandy and rocky wastes known as the Xuliian Desert, which toward the south be- gins to be covered with euphorbias and aloes as it merges into the tropical savanna-lands. The chief products of the oases are dates and giuns, the latter derived chiefly from the acacias. The population consists partly of Hamitic and Arabian elements, partly of Nubians. The chief towns of the region are Omduniian, Khartum, Berber, and El-Ordeh on the Xile, and the port of Suakin on the Eed Sea. History. Xubia was a part of the ancient Ethiopia. The name seems to have been derived from the Egyptian and Cojitie noub, gold, a name still retained in Wady Xoiiba. The domin- ion of the Pharaohs, when most extended, reached to the isle of Argo. the last place where the monuments of the Egj'ptians have been found. Under these monarchs Xubia was governed by a royal scribe, entitled Prince of Cush or Ethiopia, tiil the Twentieth Dj-nasty. when it appears to have been recovered by a series of native rulers, who ultimately conquered Egypt ; and although driven back finally extended their rule from Meroe to Syene(Assuan). the most southern city hehl by the Egyptian monarchs and the Romans. Diocle- tian removed a negro tribe, called Xobatic, to the district above Syene. to oppose the Blemmyes, who inhabited the western desert, now held by the Ababde and Bisharin Arabs. The X^obatiP and the Blemmyes intermingled, forming a negroid race which about the middle of the sixth century was converted to Christianity, and under Silko a powerful Christian State was establislied with Dongola as its capital. The Arabs made little headway against the rulers of the Christian kingdom until the fourteenth centttry, wlien Don- gola fell, and the country was divided into a number of petty States. It was subdued by Mehemet Ali of Eg>-pt in 1820-22 and remained luider Egvptian control until it fell into the hands of the ilahdists in 1884-8.5. (See Maiidi.) The victories of the Anglo-Egyptian army under Lord Kitchener (1806-98) rei^stablished 'the au- thority of the EgA'ptian Government over Xubia. See Egypt; Sudax. For a description of the peoples of Xubia see Xibia; Xkgko; IIamitbs; and Africa, section Ethnolofjij. NTTBLE, nyiMJ'bl.i. One of the best populated provinces of Chile. It is bounded by Linares on the north, ConcepciOn on the west and south, and Argentina iin the east (Map: Chile, C II). Its area is 3550 square miles. The eastern part belongs to the slope of the Andes, but the west- ern section is generally level, flat, and very fertile. The climate is healthful and favorable for the cultivation of grain. ^Suble is one of the chief wheat-producing provinces of Chile. It affords good pasturage for cattle. Tlu- western part is traversed bv a railway line. Population, in 1895, 152,935. Capital, Chilian (q.v.). NUCELLtrS (Xeo-Lat., from Lat. micella, diminutive of nitx, nut). The body of the ovule of seed-plants, which is invested by one or two integuments. The nucellus is the essential part of the ovule (q.v.), as it contains the spore (megaspore, later the embryo sac) in wliieh the embryo is developed. NTJCLE'OLUS (Lat., little nut). A small body, usually spherical in form, lying within the nucleus (q.v.). See Cell. NTJ'CLETJS (Lat., little nut. kernel). A small body, usuallj- spheroidal or ellipsoidal in form, which stains deeply and lies within the cytoplasm of the cell. It is generally regarded as a controlling centre of cell activity, and hence as a primary factor in growth, development, and the transmission of specific qualities from cell to cell, and so from one generation to another. In its improperly called "resting place' the nucleus is globular and surrounded by a membrane. Within it there is an irregular network. The nucleus of certain tissue cells and of some uni- cellular organisms has been observed to undergo amceboid movements. In ciliate Infusoria, a large maeronucleus and one or more micronuclei may be present in one and the same cell. Besides (1) a nuclear membrane, (2) a network or retic- ulum, (3) more or less rounded and irregular bodies, the nucleoli, exist in the nucleus, and (4) a clear nuclear sap, or 'karyolymph.' See (3ell; Embryology ; Mitosi.s. NXJDIBRANCHIATA, nn'dT-bran'kJ-a'ta (Xeo-Lat. nom. pi., from Lat. iiiiflus. naked + braiichiw, from Gk. ^/)dvx"», branchia, gills). A suborder of opisthobranch gastro|)ods, her- mapliroditic. destitute of shell, the primary gills completely aborted, and the secondary gills on the back of the body. Jaws and a well-de- veloped radula are almost alwa.vs present. The nudibranchs are often called "sea-slugs' (q.v.). One (.Bo/is pilatf) is common on the New Eng- land coast .just below low-water mark. All the sea-shigs lay their eggs in jelly-like masses coiled up on stones and sea-weeds. Though the adults are shell-less, the embryos at first have a shell, indicating that the nudibrauclis have descended from shelled gastropods. See G.^stroPOUA ; and accompanying Colored Plate of Sea-Sligs. NUECES, nwa'ses. A river of southern Texas (ilap: Texas, F 3). It rises in Edwards County in a range of low mountains, and flows southeastward for nearly 400 miles through an undulating prairie countrv, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico through the Bay of Corpus Christi. I'nder the Mexican regime it was the legal western boundarv of the Province of Texas. NTJEVA CACERES, nwfi'va kii'thft-riSs. The capital of the Province of Camarines. in southern Luzon. Philippines. It is situated at the foot of Mount Isarog, 10 miles south of the Bay of .San Miguel, and at the head of navigation for