Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/784

* NOVGOROD-SEVERSK. 668 NOVOSYBKOV. NOVGOROD SEVERSK, sya'versk. An liis toric town of Kussia, situated in the Government of Tchernigov, on the Desna, 148 miles northeast of Tchernigov (Jlap: Russia, D 4). It has an old monastery and a gj-mnasium. At the end of the eleventh century it became the capital of an independent principality and subsequently was annexed to Lithuania, Population, in 1897, 9185. NOVI, no've, or NOVI LIGURE, A town in the Province of Alessandria, Italy, 33 miles north-northwest of Genoa, by rail (Map: Italy, C 3). It has several churches, a lyceum, mu- seum, and public library. The town carries on manufactures of silk and woolen goods, and is the centre of a considerable trade. Xovi was the scene, August 15, 1799, of a battle in which the Austrians and Russians defeated the French, the French General .Toubert being slain. Population (commune), in 1881, 13,783; in 1901, 17,588. NOVIBAZAR, n6'v6-bil-zar', or NOVIPA- ZAR. (Turk, Yciiibasar). The capital of a sanjak of the same name, in the Vilayet of Kossovo, Turkey, on the Rashka, an affluent of the Ibar, 120 miles southeast of Bosna-Seari (Map: Balkan Peninsula, C 3). The town, situ- ated in a fertile district, has important fairs and an active agricultural trade. There are remains of an ancient citadel and in the vicinity rises the Church of Saints Peter and Paul, the scene in 1143 of Stephen Xemanya"s conversion from the Roman to the Greek Church. Novibazar is an important strategic point between Servia and Jlontenegro, and, under the Treaty of Berlin, is garrisoned by Austria. The district about the town is the Rassia of the Byzantine historians. Population, about 12,000, chiefly Slavs, NOVIE DUBOSSARY, nd'vya dooTjos-sa're, A town of Russia. Sec Duhcssary. NOVIKOFF, no've-kof, Nikolai Ivanovitcii (1744-1818). A Russian journalist and philan- thropist, born at Avdotyino, Government of Mos- cow. He entered the civil service at eighteen, and was conspicuous in Catharine II. "s Reform Commission (17(i7). but retired in 178 to devote himself to literature. In his satirical magazines, 7'/ic'DroHP (17(')9-70) and The f'niiilcr (1772-73), he ri<liculcd Gallomania and com- bated serfdom and other evils of social and pri- vate life. A controversy with Catharine's satir- ical journals brought him into disfavor, and his periodicals were stopped. He retired to Moscow, where he leased the Moscow Gazette with its printing plant for ten years (1779-89) and en- deavored to spread a love for literature by print- ing cheap books. His devotion to Freemasonry and his very extensive philanthropic work brought him into trouble, but not until the French Revolution di<l Catharine take anv severe measures. In 1792 he was arrested on his estate and imprisoned in Schliisselburg. .Ml his prop- erty was confiscated, and the hospitals, schools, libraries, book-stores, etc., opened by him, were closed. Released by Paul I., he was confined to Avdotyino until his death. He published, in 1772. An Attempt fit a hrxicon of Jiiissian Authors, and in 1773-75 a collection of his- torical materials called Thr Old Rii.ifiidn Lihrnrii (2d ed., 1788-8<l. republished by Myshkin, 1894). (.'nnsult a monograph by Nezelenoff (Saint Petersburg, 1875), and T.nginofT, Movikoif and the Moscow Martinists (Moscow, 1867). NOVIKOFF, Olga (1840—), A Russian journalist and political agent, who lived long in England, . She was born in iloscow of noble parents named KireyetT, and married General Xovikoff at the age of nineteen. Under her maiden initials, '0, K.,' she wrote much in the news- papers of the two nations, hoping to jnomote an alliance between them, and she made warm friends among British statesmen and historians, notably Gladstone, Fronde, Kinglake, and Car- lyle, Gladstone reviewed her Itnssia and Eng- land (1880) in the yincteenth Century. She published, also; Is liussia Wr(yn;if (1877); Friends or Foes (1878) ; and tUcobeleff and the Slaronic Cause (1884), After her husband's death, Madame Novikotl spent more of her time on her son's estates near Tambov, Russia. NOVI LIGURE, nO've le'g(3o-ra. A town in Italy. See Xovi. NOVOCHERKASK, no'vo-cher-kask'. A city of Russia. See Xuvo-Tcherkask, NOVOGEORGIEVSK, n6'v6-ga or'ge-yftfsk. A town in the tiovcrnnient of Kherson, Russia, on a tributary of the Dnieper, 250 miles north of the city of Kherson (Map: Russia, D 5). Milling, tallow-boiling, and brewing constitute the chief industries. In the vicinity of the town are granite and limestone (juarries. Population, in 1897, 11,200. NOVOGEORGIEVSK, n6'vi gyor'g>efsk. A strong fortress of Russian Poland, situated in the Government of Warsaw, at the confluence of the Bug with the X'istula. nine miles north- west of Warsaw. The princijial fortifications, on the right bank of the Vistula, consist of a cita- del and barracks surrounded by strong walls. The left bank of the Vistula and the banks of the Bug are also fortified. The place was orig- inally fortified by Charles XII. of Sweden, and the fortifications were extended by Napoleon. The Russians captured it in 1813. and it was occupied by the Poles during the insurrection of 1830. The site of the fortress was formerly occupied by the town of Jlodlin, and the fortress is still known to the Poles under that name. NOVOGRAD-VOLHYNSKI, n.Vv*. grad-vA- lin'skc. A town in the (iovcrnment of Volhynia, Russia, situated on the Slutch. 55 miles north- west of Zhitomir (Map: Russia, C 4). It mani- factiires leather, soap, and brick. Population, in 1897, ir>,90n, about one-half .lewish. NOVOMOSKOVSK, n.VviVnx'.s-kAfsk'. A town ill the <;(i cniiiient of Kkaterinoslav, Rus- sia, siluafed on the Samara, 19 miles northeast of Kkaterinoslav (Jlap: Russia, E 5), It is known for its horse fairs, and manufactures leather. Population, in 1897, 12,8(>2. NOVOROSSIYSK, n.'.'vA-ros-spsk'. A sea- port lowii in the District of Tehernomor.sk, Cau- casus, on the Black Sea (Map: Russia. EC). It lies on iiii extensive bay protected by a large mole. There is a considerable trallic in grain and naphtha. Population, 16,208. NOVOSYBKOV. m".'v.'. sIpTcAf. A town in the ((iveriiiii('iif of Trhcrnigov. Russia, situated 101 miles north of Tchernigov (M:i|>: Russia, D 4). It lies in a marshy region and is nnhealth- fiil. If has numerous tanneries, slaughter houses, and tallow-melting establishments. Population, in 1897, 15,480.