Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/767

* NOTRE DAME. 653 NOTTEBOHM. rapidly, so that in 11S2 the great altar was consecrated by a legate of the I'ope. In 1185 Heraclius. Patriarch of Jerusalem, came to Paris to otTiciate with the Bishop in the dedication of the choir. Henrj' II., King of England, was in- terred before its high altar in August, 1189. The choir, transepts, and adjoining bays of the nave were completed in about 11 DC. The lower part of the nave was then run out to the uuiin fagade, which, with its two towers and three portals, was only begun by Bishop Pierre de Xemours in 120S.' The portal of the south transept fayade was built still later, as shown by an inscription of the architect .lean de Chelles, who began work upon it in 1257, in the reign of Saint Louis. The chapels in the rear of the transepts were not a part of the original design, and were added in the last part of the thirteenth century, about which time, also, the towers of the west front were completed. In 1G09 Louis XIV. was seized with the ambition to place in the cathedral an altar piece in the Renaissance style, and removed the original altar to give place to it. Other al- terations were made by Soufflot in 1771-78. Dur- ing the Revolution the statues of the old kings of France, which were upon the gallery of the main facade, were destroyed, and in 1793 the cathedral became, by law of the Revolutionists, the Temple of Reason. Victor Hugo's literary masterpiece. .Yo/rc Dame de Paris (1830), at- tracted popular attention to the venerable edi- fice, and in 1845-55 it was subjected to a thor- ough and successful restoration, under the archi- tects Lassu.s and Viollet-le-Duc. From 1182 to the present its nave, its altars, and its chapels have been the scenes of the most important cere- monies of Church and State in France. The architecture is the noblest expression of simple early Gothic before its richer flowering in Amiens, Rheims, and Bourges cathedrals, and for simple majesty of expression its facade has no superior in France. The plan of Xotre Damp is exceedingly compact ; there is no break in the line of radiating chapels in the choir and the transepts do not project beyond the chapels. The inner narthex, of a double bay, is beneath the line of towers: the body of the church con- sists of a high central nave and four aisles flanked by an outer continuous line of chapels and cut by transepts almost in the centre. The vaulting is superb. The early features of sex- partite vaulting, heay round pillars, and high trifmium gallery characterize the interior. The beginnings of tracery are illustrated by its lack in the earliest parts at the choir end and in its use in simpler forms in the windows and details of nave and facades. The portals, instead of be- ing, as in the more developed cathedrals, pro- jected from the facade, are recessed in its mass, and of their rich sculptures, one tympanum is an interesting survival of the earlier chureli (e.llin), the rest, barring restorations, dating from between 1215 and 1225. The extreme length of the cathedral is 430 feet: width at transept. 170 feet; across nave and aisles, 124 feet: area covered bv it. 64.108 square feet; height of tow- ers, 223 feet ; height of vault, 108 feet. NOTRE DAME DU LAC, du lak, T^xn-ER- SITY OF. A Roman Catholic institution at Xotre Dame, Ind., founded in 1842 :uid chartered in 1844. The university cnniprises schools of arts and letters, science, engineering, pharmacy, archi- tecture, and law, and a large preparatory depart- ment. In 1902 a branch was established at Port- land, Oregon, under the name of Columbia Uni- versity. There are other branches at Austin, Tex., Xew Orleans, La., Cincinnati, Ohio, and Watcrtown, Wis. In 1902 the faculty nund^ered 70, and the attendance was 872. of whom 348 were preparatory students. The library contained 00,000 vohnnes. The college property was valued at .$2,700,000, of which sum .$2,200,000 was represented by the buildings and grounds. NOTT,. EUPIIALET (1773-18G6). An Ameri- can educator. He was born at Ashford, Conn., .June 25, 1773. He was left an orphan at an early age, and had to earn his own support while striving for an education. Xevertheless he re- ceived the degree of M.A. from Brown University in 1795, and the same year was licensed to preach. He was missionary and school teacher at Cherry Valley, X. Y., in 1796-97. and pastor of the Presbyterian church in Albany (1798-1804). In the latter year he was elected president of Union College at Schenectady, X. Y., and filled the position for more than sixty-two years. He found the college without funds, buildings, or library, and in debt, but he soon provided for its needs, and during his presidency more than 4000 students were graduated. He possessed no small mechanical genius, and among about 30 patents granted to him was one for the first stove to burn anthracite coal. He w'as considered one of the most finished pulpit orators of his time. Be- sides sermons, addresses, etc., he publislied Counsels to Younfi Men (1810) and Lectures on Temperance (1847). Consult his Life by Van Santvoord, revised bv Tavler Lewis (Xew York, 1876). NOTT, JosiAH Clarke (1804-73). An Ameri- can physician and ethnologist, born in Columbia, S. C. He graduated at the South Carolina Col- lege in 1824, and at the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania three years later. After practicing for a time in Columbia, he went in 1835 to Europe, and spent a year in the hos- pitals of Paris. On his return he settled at Jloliile, where in 1858 he founded a medical school, which became a part of the University of Alabama. He served for a time on the stall" of General Bragg during the Civil War. He was much interested in ethnology and kindred sciences, and published, besides many contribu- tions to medical journals and other periodicals: Two Lectures on the C'nimection lietirecn the [iiblical and I'lii/sical Flistori/ of Man (1849); The Phi/sical Uikory of the Jeinsh Race ( 1S50) ; Tapes of Maiil;ind (1854) : and Indlficnous I'aces of the Earth (1857). The last two books he wrote in conjunction with George R. (iliddon (q.v. ). an English scientist, and one of the aims of the authors was to disprove the imity of the human race. Some of Xott's theories have been severely criticised, and they are perhaps more original than profound. NOTTEBOHM, n.'.t'tr-bom. Gi-stav (1817- S2). A (ierman musician and writer, born at Liidenscheid, Westphaliti. After he had stud- ied for a year in Berlin with Berger and Dehn, he went to Leijizig (1840), where he became the friend aiul luipil of ilendelssohn and Scluuuann. He then studied under S(<ohter in Vienna (1846), and afterwards taught nnisic himself in that city. He became famous through his editions of musi-