Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/755

* NORWICH. 643 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. and owns profitable reiil esUiU?, markets, and a sewage farm. 11 also niaiiitaiiis u free public library, batlis, Norwieli Castle, gardens, and mu- seiiiii, and provides allotments and teelmical edu- cation. Three miles .soulli of Xorwieli is Castor Saint Ednumds, wliieli prior to the Koman Kra was ealled Caister, and uniler the Komans re- eeied the name Venta leenorum. It is the seat of extensive and nourishing industries, among which are the manufacture of nuistard, starch, l)eer, shoes, foundry products, and agricultural implements, and dyeing and malting. It has also extensive nursery gardens. The city was one of the earliest manufacturing centres for textiles in England. This branch of industry, liowever, has deeline<l. Its shipping trade, facilitated by a canal and river system of conununicalion with the sea, is chielly in agricultural products and coal. Annual fairs are held. Norwich occupies a place in history from the lime of the earliest Danish invasions. It had its origin in the castle erected as a stronghold by the East Anglian kings, and resorted to as a ))lace of safety by the inliabitants of Venta ieenorum, who gave it the name of North-wic, or northern station or town. The East Anglian la-lio|iric was removed hither in 10il4. About liMiO I'Mcmings settled at Norwich in the reign uf Elizabeth, and gave great impetus to the prosperity of the town by the branches of manu- facture which they introduced. The numieipality dates from the reign of Henry II. Norwich returns two niend)ers to Parliament. Population, in 1851. 08,000; in 1891, 101.300: in 1001, 111,- 7'28. Consult: Jessopp, Xnrwich (Lcmdon, NS4); liayne, Hislury of Wm-irich (Norwich, l>iS!t) : (^uennell, Xortrich Cathedral, with a His- lonj of the See (London, 1898). NORWICH. A city and one of the county- ■ lis of New London County, Conn., 90 miles iithwest of Boston, ilass., and 50 miles south- < 1st of the State capital, Hartford; on the Thames River, at the head of navigation, and on the Central Vermont and tlie New York, New Haven and Hartford railroads (Map: Cunnecti- cut, G 3). It is built among the hills, in the valleys of the Yantic and Shetucket, which here form the Thames; and has exceptional water p'lwer, a prominent feature in the development "I' its industrial interests. There is a large trade in lumber, coal, manufacturers' supplies, gro- ceries, dry goods, etc. Norwich is one of the luduiinent manufacturing centres of the State, the chief articles produced Ixnng firearms, cot- ton, silk, and woolen fabrics, stoves and furni- ture, rolled and cast iron, leather and belting, and a great variety of machinery. The city is noted for its picturesque beauty, and possesses many fine residences, several public parks, and streets shaded with beautiful elms and maples. It has a Free Academy, which was built and endowed by private subscriptions from wealthy citizen.s. A fine new building, including an art museum, and costing nearly .$:200,000. the gift of Y. A. Slater, has been erected for the acad- emy. Other instittitions include the William W. Backus Hospital, representing an endowment of over .$500,000, the Otis Free Library, having 24,000 vnhnnes with an annmil circulation of nearly 100,000. and the V. M. C. A, The court- house and Saint Patrick's Ronnin Catholic Church are notable structures. The Indian bury- ing ground where Uneas is buried is of historic interest. So is the spot where Miantonomoh fell. The government, under a revised charter of 1877, is vested in a mayor, chosen every two years, and a bicameral council, elected one-half each .year on a general ticket, which controls elections of all ailministrative ollieials, with the exception of one water conunissioner, who is annually chosen by jiopular vote. The water-works are owned .and operated b.y the munici])alitv. Poi)ulation, in 1890, Iti.Ioii; in 1900, 17,251.' Settled in 10.59 by a company from Saybrook, Norwich (named from Norwich, England) was chartered as a city in 1784 and rccliartcred in 1871. It was the home of Samuel, .labez_, and .ledediali Huntington, Christopher Lellingwell, and Nathaniel Niles — all prominent during tlie Revolutionary period. Con- sult: Gilnmn, I/lstoricul Uiscoiirsc Dclircrcd at orwicli m ISoD (Uoston, 1859) ; and Caulkins, History of Xorwich (Hartford, IStiO). NORWICH. A village and the county-seat of Chenango County. N. Y.. 42 miles northeast of Binghamton; on the ('henango River, and on the New Y'ork, Ontario and Vestern and the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western railroads (Jlap: New Y'ork, E 3). It has a village hospi- tal and a public library with 12.000 volumes: and among its fine structures are the municipal building, count.y jail, and the Lackawanna depot, Norwich is of considerable importance as an industrial centre, having railroad shops, a blast furnace, stone qviarries, and manufac- tories of drugs anil medicines, perfumes, furni- ture, gloves, silk ribbons, hammers, etc. There are also a number of creameries, the village being surrounded by a productive dairying and farming section. Population, in 1890,' 5212; in 1900, 57G6. NORWICH, George Goring, Earl of (c.l583- 10(13). An English Ro.yalist. He was made clerk of the Council of Wales, and among other im- portant monopolies a large share of the tobacco grant was given to him (1030). After ('harles I. had become a prisoner in the hands of Parlia- ment, Goring headed an abortive Royalist rising in Kent. The Commons voted that he should be banished, but rescinded this vote, and a special court sentenced him to death, but he was not executed, either becau.se the Speaker, Lenthal, who gave the casting vote, had received favor from Goring, or on the pleading of the Dutch and Spanish ambassadors. From 1052 to the Restin-ation he lived on the Continent, and Charles II. granted him a pension of £2000 and reappointed him to the Privy Council. NORWICH CRESTED CANARY-BIRD. Sco C'axaky. NORWICH UNIVERSITY. An institution of learning at Norwich. Vt,, founded at Middle- town. Conn., in 1819, by Capt. .Mden Partridge, and known as the American Literar.y, Scientific, and ^lilitarv College. In 1829 it was removed to Norwich. Vt., and was incori^ratcd under its present name in 1834. In 1898 it was oflicially recognized as the niilitarv college of the State of Vermont. It has long l)een known as an engi- neering and scientific school, and many of its graduates have served in the various wars. In 1903 the institution had 9 instructors and 70 stu<lents. Dewe.v Hall, a memorial building erected in honor of Admiral George Dewey, a former student, was opened in 1902.