Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/63

* MOSEILIMA. certain that he had risen to a certain eminence in his trihe, proljahly as a religious teacher unly at lirst, hefure Jlohaninieil assumed liis prupheti- cal ollice. He seems to liave pro])osed to divide the religious leadersliip with ilolianimcd, a sug- gestion which the latter contemptuously refused. He never undertook to supplant -Mohammed. After the death of the Prophet, iloscilima set up the standard of open opposition and was de- feated and killed in a desperate hattle by Khalid, who had been sent against him by Abu Bekr. His "heresy' was stam[)e<l out. and onl} a few scattered supporters contrived to escape to El-Hasa and Basra, where they may have laid the foundation of the later Karmathian creed. See iloiiAiixtEPi.w Sects. MOSELEY, moz'II, Henry (1801-72). An English mathematician, liom at Newcasile-under- Lyme. He graduated at Saint John's College, Cambridge, and in 18.31 became professor of natural philosophy and astronomy in King's Col- lege, London. In 1853 he was appointed canon of Bristol Cathedral. and two years afterwards ■was made chaplain to the Queen. He published a number of scientific books, Mechanical Princi- ples of Enyincerinri and Architecture (1843) being the most important. Moselcy discovered furmuhp for the dynamical stability of warships, which liave come into common use. MOSELLE, mo-zel', German Mosel, mo'zel. One of the principal affluents of the Rhine. It rises on the west slope of the Vosges Mountains in the northeastern corner of France. Hows north- westward to the French boundary, then north- ward past Jletz and Thionville. aifter which it turns to the northeast, and with many windings tlirough the Prussian Rhine Province, enters the Rhine at Coblenz ( Jlap : Germany, B 3). Through- out the greater part of its length the Mcselle runs through a narrow valley occupied by fertile fields and meadows, and inclosed l)y steep hills and mountains, in many places becoming rocky cliffs. In the lower valley the hills are vine- clad, producing the celebrated Sloselle wines, noted for their delicate aromatic flavor. Numer- ous ruins and historic landmarks also make the valley notable. The total length of the river is 314 miles; it is navigable 214 miles for small vessels. Two lines of steamers ply regularly be- tween Coldenz and Treves. MOSEN, mo'zcn, .Julius (1803-07). A Ger- man avitlior, born at Marieney in the Vogtland, Saxony. He attended the University of .lena, where Goetlu' awartled him the first prize for his competitive anniversary poem on Karl .August's fiftieth birthdav ; completed his studies at Leip- zig in 1820-28," and from 1828 to 1831 was in the office of an advocate at Markneukirchen. He went to Oldenburg in 1844 under appointment from (Irand Duke Paul Frederick August as dramaturgist of the Hoftheater with title of Councilor. His activity in that post was inter- rupted by illness, and from 18.50 he was pen- sioned. His first public success was achieved by the epic Lied ri)m Hitter Wahn (1831), based on the Italian legend of II enraliere fieiiao. and his reputation was much increased by Ahnfiver (1838), a second poem in that kind, whose large, historical action is somewhat impeded bv its philosophy. The flediehte of 1S30 (2d ed. i843) include the well-known ballads, long since es- tablished as Volkslieder, "Andreas Hofer." "Der 49 MOSEB. Trompetcr an der Katzbaeh," and "Die letzten Zehn vom vierten Regiment," descriptive of an episode in the Polish contest for independence. Of his works of fiction, tiie best, perhaps, are the liilder ill! Mouse (2 vols., 1840), short stories, finished in workmanshi]). His dramas were over- weighted with the rlietorical exposition of his ideas on politics and historj-. Otto HI. (ap- peared with three others as Theater, 1842) was the most important. As dramaturgist, he did much to further German drama, especially Shakespearean presentations. The best collective edition of his works is that of 1880 (Leipzig, vols.). Consult the anonymous biographj-, Julius Mosen (Oldenburg, 1878). MOSENTHAL, mc-r'zrn-tal. .Joseph (1834- 90). A Oerman- American musician, born at Cas- sel. He studied under his father and Spohr, and in 18.53 came to America, w'here he played the organ in Calvary Church, New York Cit}', from 1800 to 1887. He was conductor of the Mendels- sohn Glee Club in New York City from 1807 to 1896, played a first violin in the Philharmonic Orchestra for forty years, a second violin in the Jlason and Thomas Quartet for twelve, and com- posed much Church music, such as the psalm "The Earth is the Lord's," and part songs for male voices, Thanatopsis, Blest Pair of Sirens, and Music of the flea. MOSENTHAL, Salomon Hermann von (1821-77). A tJerman dramatist. He was born at Cassel, studied at Marburg, and in 1850 be- came an official in the Ministry of Public Instruc- tion at Menna, and was soon afterwards appointed Ministerial archivist. His investiture with the Order of the Iron Crown in 1871 conferred knighthood upon him. He is chiefly known by the dramas Deborah ( 1850 ; numerous later edd. known in English as Leah the Forsaken). and Der Hon- nenwemlhof (1850), which have been represented with success, and translated into several lan- guages. He also wrote the libretti for a number of well-know'n operas, notably Nicolai's Die lusti- f/en Weiber V07i Windsen- (1849) and Goldmark's Die KiJnigin eon Haba (1875). His collected works were published in six volumes in 1877-78. MOSER, me'zer, Albert (I835-I900). A Ger- man lyric poet. He was born at Giittingen, and after studying there became a teacher in Dresden. His odes, sonnets, and songs attained great popu- larity, especially a ballad. 'Die Rose von Mars la Tour.' and are marked by much melody, by a dreamy reflective manner, and occasionally by great skill in the reproduction of classical metres. His flediehte were published in 1805. MOSER, nuVzer. Georoe Michael (1704-83). An English gold-worker and enamcler. born at Schaffhausen in Switzerland. At an early age he went to London, where he was a friend of Sir Joshua Reynolds, of Goldsmith, and of Dr. .Johnson ; was drawing teacher to George III., and was one of the founders and the first keeper of the Royal Academy. Moser was especially fa- mous a-* an enameler of jewelry. MOSER, GuSTAV VON (1825-1903). A popular German dramatist, born at Spaudau, Jlay 11, 1825. He was trained for the army, entered it in 1843. and served till 1850. when he married the daughter of a wealthy landed proprietor. After an unfortunate venture in comedy, Der wcibliehe. fliissar. he devoted himself to agriculture till a happy meeting with the Berlin stage-director