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* NEW KENSINGTON. •156 NEWMAN. NEW KEN'SINGTON. A borough in West- moreland County. I'a., 18 miles northeast of Pittsburj;; on the Allei;heny River, and on the liuffalo and Allegheny River division of the Penn- sylvania Railroad (Map: Pennsylvania, B 3). It is known as a eentre of large steel and iron in- dustries, and for its brewing interests. There are also in the vicinity manufaetories of glass and white lead. Population, in 1000, 4G65. NEW LAN'ABK. A village near Lanark, Scotland, vher<' RoIkmI Owen put into operation his plans for inilustrial reorganization looking toward the betterment of the workingman. See L..NARK and OwKX, Robert. NEWLANDS, Francis Griffith (1848—). A United fStates Senator from Nevada, born at Natchez, Jliss. Jlc studied at Yale College and the Columbian Law School, practiced law in San Francisco, and, having become a citizen of Nevada, represented that State in the national House of Representatives from 1893 to lfl03, when he was elected to the Senate. He has been a strong advocate of Western irrigation and of the free coinage of silver. NEW LAWS. A code promulgated by Charles V. at Madrid in ir)43 for the protection of the Indians in the Spanish colonies. The New Laws (Sp. Xuevas OnlciKinzas), which were due to the influence of l?artoloni(5 de las Casas. 'the .[>ostle of the Indies." restricted slavery and provided for the religious instruction of the Indians. The laws were opposed by the colonists, and in Peru were largely the cause of the rebellion under Gonzalo Pizarro. P.y 1. ")(> tlicy had ceased to be effective. NEW LEB'ANON. . town in Columbia County, N. Y., 24 miles southeast of .Albany: on the Chatham and Lebanon Valley Railroad (Map: New York, (i .'?). It includes several villages, among which Lebanon Springs, a pop- uhir summer resort, noted for thermal springs, and Mount Lebanon, the site of n Shaker village, are best known. The town is engaged prin- cipally in agriculture, and in manufacturing patent medicines, thermometers, and barometers, glass, flour, lumber, chairs, br(K)ms, and baskets. Population, in ISitO, 17(i.'); in inOO. 15.50. NEW LEINSTER. The former name of Stewart Ishmd. Sec kw ZkaLAND. NEW LEX'INGTON. A village and the county-seat of I'cny County, Ohio, 21 miles south by west of Zanesville; on the Toledo and Ohio Central, and the Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley railroads (Map: Ohio. F (!). It has Saint -Aloysius .eademy ami a handsome court house. There are some manufactures, clay works being among the leading establishments, and in the vicinitv are extensive coal fields. Population, in 181)0, i 170; in IIIOO, 1701, NEW LIGHT. A fish. See Crappie. NEW LON'DON. A city, port of entry, and one of the county-si'ats of New London County. Conn., 14 miles south of Norwich, the other eounty-seat, and .'il miles east of New Haven; on the Thames River, about three miles above its entrance into Long Island Sound, and on the New York, New Haven and Hartford and the Central Vermont railroads (Map: Connecti- etit, (i 4). It has ilirect eoninuinieation with New York by steamboat, and an excfdlent harbor defended by Forts Trumbull and Oriswold. .Just al>ovc the city, on the east side of the river, is a small United States naval station. New Lon- don is a delightful place of residence and popular resort in summer, .mong its features of interest are a fine soldiers' and sailors' monument, a handsome public library, the New London County Historical Society and Library, the Hempstead House, one of the oldest houses in Connecticut, the Old Town Mill, erected in 1040 and still in operation, the little schoolhouse in which Nathan Hale was a teacher, Boulder Park on the Thames, White Beach, a popular and attractive bathing beach. Williams Park, Memorial Park, and the great railroad drawbridge completed in 1800. The annual Yale-Harvard boat race is rowed on the Thames. New London was formerly the seat of extensive whaling and sealing interests, which are still of some importance, though manufactur- ing is the leading industry. The principal estab- lishments are silk mills, a woolen mill, ship yards, foundries and machine shops, a cotton-gin factory, bed-quilt mills, and printing-press works. The government, under a charter of 1804, is ad- ministere<l by a mayor, chosen every three years, and a unicameral council that controls elections to subordinate departments, excepting that of the schools, which is chosen by popular vote. The water- works are owned and operated bv the municipality. Population, in 1880, 13,757; in 1000, 17.,548. New London was founded in 1040 by .John Winthrop. the younger, and until 1058, when it received its present name, was known as Nau- nieag. During the (ireat Awakening" of 1741 there was a remarkable manifestation of religious enthusiasm here. On Septemlier 0, 1781. General Arnold, at the head of a large British force, and assisted by a fleet of thirty-two vessels, attacked New London, killed a number of its inhabitants, and burned nearly all of the wharves and stores. (.See (iROTON.) New London was incorporated in 1784. Consult: Caulkins. Ili.ilorti of Xcir Lmi- don (New London, new eil., 1000) ; .Starr, .4 Crn- tcnninl Historical tikelch of the Tou-n of New London (ib., 1870); and an article, "'Historic New London." in etc England Magazine, vol. v. (Boston. 1887). NEW MAD'RID. . city and the eounty-.seat of Xi'u .Madrid County. Mo., 40 miles south by west of Cairo. III.; on the Mississippi River, and on the Saint Louis Southwestern Railroad (Map: .Missoiiri. G 5). The eentre of a productive re- gion, it has a large river commerce in grain, lum- liei, cotton, live-stock, etc. There are cotton gins, and manufaetories of lumber, veneer, staves, and Hour. Population, in 1800, 1103; in 1000. 1480. New Madriil was founded in 1788 as a Spanish settlement, by a few .American frontiersmen. For a time during the Civil War it was an iujportant Confederate military station, but on Alareh 14, 1802, it was abandoned and fell into the hands of the Fi'deral forces, NEWMAN, nfi'iixni. Kdwaro (1801-70). .An Fnglisli naturalist and [iul)lislier, born at Hamp- slead. in Miildlesex. In boyhood he showed an unusual interest in natural history, and, though engaged in various business enteri)rises, through- out his life he devole<l much time to seientilic study. He was one of the fotir founders of the Kntomnlogical Club in London (1820), out of which, largelv through his efforts, grew the En- tomological Society (18.33). In 1840 he estab- lished The Entomologist, which three vears later he incorporated in The Zoiilogist, and this maga- zine he edited until 1803. Newman also founded