Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/482

* NEWBERRY. 426 NEW BRITAIN. During the Civil War lie ptTlonncil the duties of secrctaiv to the Sanitary Coiiiiiiisi.ioii for the Mississippi Valley, and after tiie administration of this work he became attached to the Smithso- nian Institution, at the same time hohling a pro- fessorship in the Columbian University at Wash- injfton. to which he had been called iii 1857. In ISCU he was otlcred the chair of geologj- and paleontology in the School of Mines, Columbia College, which he accepted, and held for twenty- iour years. In 1869, when the Ohio Ccologieal Survey was established he was m;i(lo director and personally did nuich of the work described in sev- eral of the reports, lie did nui<li work for the Illinois Geological Survey, and also described the e.xtensive collections of fossil plants gathered by Hayden's survey of the West. In 18(i7 he was elected president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and in the same year lie was chosen president of the New York Aeailemy of Sciences, wliieh position he held for twenty-four years. He was also president of the Torrey Botanical Club from 1S80 to ISitO, and assisted in the organization of the Geological Society of America at Cleveland in- 1888, and served as a member of the commission to organ- ize an international geological congress, of which he subsequently became president. During the latter part of liis life he resided in Xew Haven, Conn. In addition to the works above mentioned. Dr. Newbeiry also wrote the following: The Rock Oils of Ohio (1859); Iron Ifcsourccs of the United folates (1874) : The HIructure and Rela- tions: of Dinichthys (1875) ; Report on the Fossil Fishes CoUeeted on the Illinois (leoloifieitl Sur- vey (1886) ; Fossil Fishes and Fossil Plants of the Triass'ic Rocks of eic Jersey and the Con- necticut Valley (1888) : Paleozoic Fishe$ of Xorth America (1889) ; and Later Extinct Floras (1808). NEWBERY, JoH.v ( 171.'?-(i7). A famous English bookseller and publisher, the son of a poor farmer of Waltham Saint Lawrence, in Berksliire. He attended the village school, but he educated himself mainly by reading. In 17.30, he went to Reading, where he entered the service of William Carnaii, editor of the Mercury. After for his martial poems in Admirals All (1897) and The Ishind Race (1898, largely a reprint). Among his otiier publications are a novel en- titled Taken from the Enemy (1892); ilordred, a tragedy; Utories from Froissart (1899); and Froissart in liritain, with illustrations taken from originals in the British Museum (1900). NEW BRAUNFELS, broun'felz. A city and the county-seat of Comal County. Texas, 32 miles northeast of San Antonio; at the conlluiMice of the Guadalupe and Comal rivers, and on the International and Great Xorthem and the Mis souri, Kansas and Texas railroads (Map: Texas, E 5). The Comal River, though .short, is of con- siderable volume, having its source in large artesian springs. The city is the distributing point for an extensive farming and cattle-raising district, and is industrially imjiortant because of its good water power, some of the largest floiiring mills in the State being located here. The principal manufactured products include flour, cottonseed oil. leather, bricks, and wagons. Population, in 1890i 1008; in 1900, 2097 (mostly of German descent), NEW BRIGHTON, hri'tcvi. A borough in Beaver ( <iiiii(y. I'a.. 29 miles northwest of Pitts- burg: on the Beaver River, and on the Pitt.sburg, Fort Wayne ami Chicago, the Pittsburg and Lake Erie, and other railroads (Maj): Pennsylvania, A3). It has a public art gallery. Beaver Val- ley General Hospital, Y. M. C. A. and public high school libraries, and a public park. The river furnishes extensive water power, and there are deposits of coal and clay in the vicinity. Xew Brighton is an important industrial centre, its manufactures including pottery, bricks, sewer pipe, glass, flour, twine, lead kegs, colTee mills, nails, rivets, wire, etc. Population, in 1890, 5U1G: in 1900, G820. NEW BRIT'AIN. The former name of the Bismarck .reliipelago (q.v.) : also apjilied to the largest island of the archipelago, now called Xew Pomerania (q.v.). NEW BRITAIN. A city in Hartford Coun- ty, Conn.. 10 miles southwest of Hartford, on the Xew York. Xew Haven and Hartford Railroad (ilap: Connecticut. D .T). It has a Slate Xor- the death of his employer, in 1737, he married nial School, a Roman Catholic cathedral. Xew his widow. Somewhat later, he opened in London Britain Institute, and a fine public park of about publishing house in Saint Paul's '=> acres, besides several smaller areas, Xew a bookshop and pi Churchyard (1745). He started several news- papers. In The Unirersal Chronicle and Weekly fiazettr (founded 1758) a|)peared Johnson's Idlers; and in The I'nhlic hrdcier (founded 17(i0) appeared Goldsmith's Citizen of the ^Vorld. N'ewbery Avas the first publisher to issue books especially for the young. His Jurcnile lAlirary was made up of dainty volumes bound in flowered and gilt Dutch paper. Among them were (loody Two Shoes (reprinted with introduc- tion liy C. Welsh. London, 1881) and Tommy Tri/i mill llin Piiy (Iroulrr. NEW'BOLT, IlEXRY .Tniix (1802—1, An Eng- lish writer, born .Tune fi. 1862, at Bilston. Staf- fordshire, where his father was vicar of Saint Mar>-'s Church. He was educated nt Clifton College. Bristol, and at Corpus Christi. Oxford, where he took first honors in the classics. Called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn (1887). he practiced his profession till 1899. In 1000 he established the London iUmihl]/ Review. He is best known Britain is noted for its e.xtensive manufactures, which, according to the census of 1900. repre- sented an invested capital of .$14,116,000, and had a iiroduction valued at $12,261,000. The most important manufactures are hardware, foundry and maehine-sliop products, cutlery and edge tools, hosiery and knit goods, stamped ware, saddlery, hardware, etc. The government is administered, under a revised charter of 1890. by a mayor, chosen every two years, and a uni- cameral council which controls elections of the majority of subordinate ninnieipal oflicers. The lity clerk and assistant, treasurer, collector, auditor, and sherilT are. however, chosen by popular vote. The sclionl boaril is independently (dected by the town. There are municipal water- works. Population, in 1890. lfi.519: in 1900. 25.998. X>Av Britain was settled in 1687. and was incorporated as a parish under the name 'Xew Britain Society' in 1754. Tt was separated from Berlin ami incorporated as n township in 1850, and in 1871 was chartered as a city. It