Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/467

* NEUROSIS. 415 NEUSTADT. write with the left hand, but this also soon hecouies atlected. The use of gold pens has brought some relief, and has eontiolled the in- crease of tlie alfeetion among writers. But the great refuge and preventive is the typeuritex. All «ho use the pen tft a great extent should use large cork penholders and gold pens. Writing under ceretiral strain should be avoided. Tclcyniplurs' cramp is freciuent among the manipulators of the Morse instrument. About one in 200 operators sutler froxn "loss of the grip.' The symptoms are nnieh tlie same as in writers' cramp. Among the other occupation neuroses are rinisicitiiifi' cramp, among pianists, violinists, llulists, and others; sewing spnxm, amiirig tailors, seamstresses, and shoemakers; millccrs' spasm, whieli is very rare; ballet- dancers' cramp, and many others. In the treatment of occupation neuroses, rest or change of occui)ation, massage of nerve and muscle, electricity, douches, and the cautery have proved useful. Drugs are generally useless, ex- cept such as relieve the neurasthenia of the pa- tient. Consult Dana. Text-book of Nervous Dis- eases (Xew York, 1802). NEUROT'IC (Xeo-Lat. neurotirum. from neurosis . A word formerly used in medicine to s|)ecifv such a drug as tends to afTect principally and specifically the brain centres that govern in- tellect, sensibility, and motor activity. Alcohol, ether, chloral, opium, potassium bromide, amyl- nilrite. strychnine, quinine, aconite, and digitalis are examples of drugs to which this name may be applied. The term neurotics is more often used to de- note individuals who suffer from nervous disease, such as neurasthenia or hysteria, or wlio are of pronounced nervous temperament. NETJRUPPIN, noi'nip-pen'. A town of the Province of BrandenburL'. Prussia, on the small lake of Ruppin, connected with the Elbe, 38 miles northwest of Berlin (ilap: Prussia, E 2). It has a gymnasium and a seminary for teachers. Its industries are brewing, spinning, and the manufacture of linen and woolen cloths, starch, brushes, machinery, and trimmed lumber. There is also considerable trade in cattle ami cereals. Neuruppin became a town in 12.50. Population, in IS'.H). 14..384; in 1900, 17,100. NETJSALZ, noi'zalts. A town in the Province of Silesia, Prussia, on the Oder, 75 miles north- west of Breslau (Map: Prussia, F 3), The principal industries are flax-spinning, iron- working, shipbuilding, and the manufacture of linen thread, cartridges, and enamel. Popula- tion, in I'.too. 12..")86. NETJ-SANDEC, noi-zan'dets. A town of the C'rownland of Galieia, Austria, situated on the Dunajee, about 45 miles southeast of Cracow (Map: Austria, G 2). It has a Roman Catholic church of the fifteenth century, an Evangelical church of the seventeenth century, an old castle, a gynuKisium, a .Jesuit college, and a hospital. The chief industrial establishments are the ex- tensive railway shops, and in the vicinity of the town are petrnlenm wells. Population, in 1890, 12.722: in 1900, 15.724, mostly Poles and .lews. NEUSATZ, noi'zats (Hung. Ujvidck). A royal free town of Hungary, situated on the left hank of the Danube opposite the town of Peter- wardcin and at the mouth of the Franz-.Tosefs Canal (Map: Hungary, F 4). It is a town of recent origin, having been practically rebuilt since its destruction in 1849. It is the seat of the Greek Oriental Bishop of Bacs, and has a higher gymnasium and a connncrcial school. Its products are chiefly agricultural, and the river trade is important. Neu-satz is the seat of the ilatiru tirpska, the chief literary and scientific organization of the Serbs in Southern Hungary. Population, in 1900, 29,296, mostly Serbs and Magyars. NEXJSE, nus. A river of North Carolina, ris- ing in Person County in the northern part of the State, and flowing southeast into Pamlico Sound (Map: North Carolina, F 3). It is about 300 miles long, and navigable by steamers for over 100 miles. At Xewbern, 30 miles from its mouth, it widens into a broad estuary. NEUSIEDLER SEE^ noi'zed-ler za (Hung. Fertij-Tava). A lake in Northwestern Hungary", 30 miles southeast of Vienna (Map: Hungary, E 3 ) . It is about 23 miles long, from 4 to 9 miles wide, and covers an area of 126 square miles. On the eastern shore is the large swamp of Hansag, but the land on the west shore con- sists of vine-clad hills, with several thriving towns. The water is salty, and iintit to drink. The lake has dried up on several occasions, notably in 1865, when farms were laid out in its bed; but in 1870 it filled up again, destroying all improvements. It is now connected with the Rabnitz Piiver by a canal which, in case of a flood, drains off "the surplus water. NEUSOHI,, noi'z&l (Hung. Bcsztcrczehanya). The capital of the Province of Snhl. Hungary, at the confluence of the Gran and Bistritz. 13^2 miles by rail north of Altsohl (Map: Austria- Hungary, F 2). It has a cathedral noted for its fine fourteenth-century altar, besides other in- teresting ecclesiastical structures. The old castle is used as a garrison station. There are manu- factures of hardware, firearms, and a silver foundry. Four and a half miles to the north are the Herrensrund silver and copper mines. Population, in 1900, 92G4. NETJSS, nois. A town in the Rhine Province, Prussia, near the Rhine, with which it is connected by a canal, 4 miles west of Diissehlorf I ^lap : Prus- sia, B 3) . The Catholic Church of Saint Quirinus,a beautiful edifice, and a noble specimen of the tran- sition from the round to the pointed style, was be- gun in 1209. The late Gothic Rathaus is interesting for its collection of paintings by .Janssen. Neuss prodiices a large amount of raiie oil. There are manufactures of paper, machinery, ii'onware, leather, and woolens; there is a trade in grain, cattle, and coal. Population, in 1890. 22.035; in 1900, 28.484. The town is supposed to be the Noresiiim of the Romans. It came under the Archbishop of Colosne in 1074. In 1474 it suf- fered a long siege by Charles the Bold, and a century later was almost totally destroyed by- Alexander of Parma. NETJSTADT, noi'stat. A city in X'jqier Sile- sia, Prussia, 29 miles southwest of Oppeln (Map: Prussia, G 3). It has two monasteries, a gym- nasium, and several trade schools. There are manufactures of woolen and linen fabrics, car- pets, shoes, dves. and veast. Population, in 1890, 17,577; in 1900, 20,l'39. NETJSTADT, Wiener. A tow^n of Austria. See Wiener-Neustapt.