Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/404

* NEMERTINEA. 354 NEMI. quarter of that Icuylli. The nemertineans are iiiisej^inented worms, with a ciliated body epithe- lium, and are more or less dorso- vent rally lUit- teucd. There is no distinct body-cavity; the in- testine is straight, with lateral diverticula; the anus is at the ])osterior end of the body. The blood, nervous, and excretory systems are all present, and are usually very well developed. Tlic only sense-organs are little ciliated pits pos- sibly olfactory, and pigment eyes. The sexes are separate and the larva goes through a compli- cated metamorphosis in most cases. One of the characteristic features of the nemertineans is the proboscis, lying above the oesophagus and opening from it's cavity, just over the mouth. This proboscis may be used in the capture of food, which consists, to a large extent, of other sorts of worms. These worms twine thonisolves into knots and rolls, apparently inextricable, but without any real entanglement. A large number of species are known frcjm all parts of the world. The great majority are niarine, but a few are fresh-water, and land forms are known. The lat- ter are all small and dull-colored, but the marine forms, besides being oftentimes very large, are frequently very gaudy, red and green being com- mon colors. These worms usually pass fbrough a metamorphosis; the pre-larva is called a 'pili- PILIDin.U OF NEMERTEB. The worm is shown growing within the larva ; r, velum ; 0, eyes ; i, Intestine of the neniertlnean worm. dium,' which is helmet-shaped with side lobes or lap])ets. A reduced form of the pilisrbeil by the growing worm, but the worm develops within the larva, and finally frees itself, when the remnant of the pilidium dies. Certain forms have a direct de- velopment. Jhiltiplicatidn by transverse fission is frequent. Consult Shedson, Cambridge Xat- ural llisliirii, vol. ii. (London, 1800). NEMESIA'NUS, :M.Rfrs At'nF.i.us Oi.vjr- PIl's. A Carthaginian l.alinist of the latter half of the third Christian century. He wrote Ci/nc- gclica. 'On Ihinting,' of which the .325 lines pre- served constitute what is ajiparently an introduc- tion to the main work (edited by Baehreiis in his Porliv f.iiliiii Minores, ISTi*. and by Ptern. to- gether with Ornttius, 1S;?2I ; .nid four Erlofitr. reminiscent of Vergil, of Maniliiis, and most of all of C'alpnrnlus Sicnlus. with whose poems they are so constantly found in manusiript that they long passed as his work (edited by Uaehnns, as above, and by Schcnkl, 1885; translated into English verse by Scott, 1S!)1). The fondness of the author for the refrain and other points of similarity in style have suggested the attribution to Xemesianus of the I'crvigilium Veneris; but this is entirely problematiial. NEM'ESIS (Lat., from Gk. N^/ueo-is, from v^lieiv, nv}iifin, to distribute). A goddess of fate, who apportions to men their deserts. In Jlomer Xemosis docs not appear as a person, though the word is used as a common noun in the .sense of 'righteous anger.' In another early epic, the Cypria, Nemesis was a goddess beloved by Zeus, whom she sought to escape by transform- ing herself into various animals. Finally, the god approached her as a swan, and she brought forth an egg, which was found and kejjt by Leila, till in fullness of time Helen, the cause of the Troj.m War, was born. Nemesis was worshiped at Smyrna, in Ionia, where there .seem to have been two goddesses of the same name, ami espe- cially at Kliamnus in Attica, where were two temples, an old one, and a large new one erected in the period following the Persian wars. It contained a famous statue of the goddess by Agoracritos, the pupil of Phidias, of which the head is in the Britisli iluseum. According to Hesiod, Nemesis was the daughter of destructive night. She is the avenger of wrong, punishing especially vaunting pride, and in general any overstepping of the bounds of duo moderation. Those who forget to humble themselves before the "(kIs or who ort'end against the eternal laws are likely to fall under her power. In Alexandrian poetry Nemesis is frequently invoked to punish a cold or fickle loved one. in art Nemesis appears as a dignified youthful figure, bearing frequently a measuring-rod or an a]q)lebraneh in one hand, and commonly drawing forward the upper seam of her tunic. In later art she is frequently winged, with a wheel at her feet, or a gnllin at her side, or holding a bridle. NEME'SIUS(Lat., from Gk. XeM^trios, Neme- sios). A (iieek philosopher, of aboiit the mid- dle of the fourth century a.d. He was Bishop of Emesa. and wrote in (Ircek a treatise on 77ic Xatiirc of ][an. in which he expressed his belief in the preeminence of the soul, the freedom of the will, and the indestructibility of matter. There is a passage in the book which has been in- terpreted as showing some iniderstaiiding of the liri iilali(m of the blood. In Latin translation the work was much read during the Middle Ages, and since then it has been translated into several of the lani.'uai.'es of modern Europe. There is an edition by ilatthaei (Halle. 1S02). NEMI, na'm6. A lake in Italy about 17 mil"3 southeast of Kome, having on its margin a fa- mous grove of Diana. It was anciently called l.iirii.s S'ciiwrrnsis and also .S'/xch/hih Dianw, mirror of Diana. The grove of Diana was cele- brated on account of its priest, who won his place by slaying his predecessor, and held it only tili he was himself slain. The grove seems to have been situated on the northeast shore, near the modern village of Ncmi. The lake fills the crater of an extinct volcano, is about 1100 feet above the sea. four miles in cir- cumference, and has no outlet exc(qit a passage of unknown antiquity which still serves its origi- nal purpose. It bad long been known that there were remains of vessels sunk near the shore, but it was not till 1895 that these were satisfactorily