Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/40

* MOUSE. 28 museum in 1901 ; it is regarded by critics as "a masterpiece of hard work and intelligence," and a line example of licautiful book-making. .Morse has also had charge for many years of the Museum of the Peabody Academy of Sciences at Salem, Mass. MORSE, John Tobrey ( 1840— ). An Ameri- can biographer. He graduated at Harvard Col- lege in 18U0, lectured there on history (lH7(>-79), was co-editor with Henry Cabot Lodge of the Jntemational J/eineiv, and practiced law in Bos- ton. His work is to be found in various re- views. His books include: a Treatise on the Law Relating to Banhn and liankin;/ (1870); Lair of Arbitration and Aicard (1872) ; Famous Trials (1874); a Life of Alexander Hamilton (1870); Life and Letters of Olirer Wendell Holmes (1806), and in "The -Vmerican States- men Series," edited by him, the lives of •John Quiney Adams (1883), Thomas Jefferson (1883). John Adams (1884), Benjamin Frank- lin (1880), and Abraham Lincoln (1893). MORSE, S..HEL Fin-ley Bree.se, LL.D. ( 1791- 1872). An American artist and inventor. He was born at Charlestown, Jlass., and graduated at Vale College in 1810. later visiting England with the American painter Washington Allslon, where he .studied painting with him and Ben- jamin West. In 1813 he received the gold medal of the Adelphi Society of Arts for his lir.st effort in sculi)ture, tlie "Dying Hercules." Keturning to New York in 1815, he became in 182G the fir.st president of the National Academy of De- sign, and was appointed in 183o professor of the arts of design in the University of the City of New York. He did not give liis entire at- tention to art, but was interested in chemistry and especially in electrical and galvanic experi- ments; his interest doubtless being awakened in the sul)jeet of electro-magnetism through con- versation with Prof. .1. Freeman Dana, who lec- tured in New York on that subject in 182(!27. and exhibited an electro-magnet. Morse first conceived the idea of the telegraph while on board the packet-shi]) Siilli/ on his way from Kurojie to -America in 1832. while discussing the then recent discovery in France of a method for olitaining the electric spark from the magnet. Before the close of that year a portion of the apparatus which he had devised had been constructed in New York, but it was not until three years later that, in a room in the New York riiiversity building, he showed the telegraph operating with half a mile of wire. In September, 1S37, he made a public exhibition of his discovery, and in that year filed his caveat at Washington. No result followed his appeal to Congress for aid during that session, and Professor Morse visited Knrope with the hope of enlisting the interests of foreign governments in his invention. In this attempt he was unsuccessful, and he re- turned to New York, where, as well as in Wash- ington, he struggled under serious privations during the four years which elapsed before he obtained (1843) Congressional aid. In that year, after he had almost yielded to despair. Congress at midniglit. in the la-sl moments of the session, appriipriaird .*30.000 for an experinientnl line between Wasliiiiglon and Biiltimore. .fter this aid hail liiin "..'ranted. Morse succeeded iifter many diniiultir^ in <>stablishing a working tcle- MORSHANSK. graph line, and the first message, "What hath tiod wrought V was sent from the rooms of the Inited States Supreme Court in the Capitol at Washington to Baltimore on May 24, 1844. From this time the telegraph was an assured success, but Professor Morse was frequently invcdved in litigation to maintain his rights under his pat- ents. He also was engaged in immerous contro- versies. But the number and character of the honors heaped upon Professor Morse on account of his invaluable invention have probably never been equaled in the case of any other American. See Telkorapii. Professor Morse set up the first daguerreotype apparatus, and with Prof. John W. Draper was associated in taking the first daguerreotypes in America ; he also laid the first submarine tele- graph line (in New York Harbor in 1842) ; and from him, in a letter to the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States in 1843, seems to have come the first suggestion of an .Vtlantic telegraph. His death occurred about tliree months after his last ]mlilic act — the unveiling of the statue of Benjamin Franklin, in Printing- house Square, New Y'ork. lie died in New York, April 2, 1872. Consult Prime, Life of S. F. B. Morse (New York. 187.')). MORSE, SiD.NEY Edwards (1794-1871). An AiiH-rican journalist, geographer, and inventor, a brother of Sammd F. B. Morse. He was born in Charlestown. Mass., graduated at Y'ale in 1 81 1, studied theology and law. and in 1815 es- tablished the Boston ficcorder, a weekly religious news|)aper, which he edited for more than a year. In 1820 he published a small geography, and in 1823 a larger one called .-l A'f ir f^i/slcm of "od- cm ncotfrnphii. of which more than five hundrecl thousand copies were ultimately sold. The suc- cess of the liook was partly due to the later use in it of superior niaji-jirints in color produced by a new ju-ocess called cerograjjhy. which he, with the assistance of Henrv .. Miuison. devel- oped in 1839. In 1823. with'his brother P.ichard. he established the New York Ohserrrr. another religious weekly, and he continued to be its chief editor and proprietor until 1858. MORSELLI, mor-sel'le. ExRico Agostino (1852—). An Italian alienist and neurologist, born at Modena, and graduated at the university of that city in 1874. He studied psychiatry at Reggio under Livi. and anthropcdog^" at Florence luider Mantegazza, and subsequently became pro- fessor of psychiatry in the Turin medical sehoid and physician in cliarge of the insane asylum in the same city. He is llie author of a number of medico-legal and neundogical papers. Among his published works are: Critiea e rifor^iia del melodo in antropologia (Rome, 1880) : fitiicidc: An Essaji on Comparative Moral {Statistics (New York. 1882) ; Mnnuale delle mnlattie mentnli (Milan. 1885); 11 inagnctismo animale (Turin. ISHIi). Mor.selli was co-editor of the Ririsia sfirrimentale di freniatria e di medicina legale in 1875; and of the Archivo di psichiatria in 1 885. MORSHANSK, m6r-shan.sk'. An important commeni.il town in the Covernment of Tambov, Russia, situated near the river Tsna. about 60 miles nortli-northeast of the city of Tambov (Map: Ru-i'^ia. F 4). It produces tallow, soap, ami spirits on a large scale, and is the seat of an