Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/396

* NEHEMIAH. 346 NEIDHART VON REXJENTHAL. priests and Levilc* is fjivoii. and the joyous dedieatioii of the wall, accompanied with .sacri- fices, is described (ch. xii.). JJuring Xeheuiiah's absence in Persia heathen strangers were ad- mitted into the temple; they are expelled after his return, and the broken covenant to pay the tithes, to sanctify the Sabbath, and to refrain from mi.xed marriages is enforced (ch. xiii.). The chronological questions involved in the ]iook of Xehemiah will be found discussed in the articles Ezra, BooK of; and Xehemi.h. As to how much of the book represents Xeheuiiah's memoirs, scholars are not agreed. The genuine historical basis of the work is probably the ac- count of Xeheuiiah's first visit, his activity in the rebuilding of the walls, his return to Persia, and his subsequent second visit to Jerusalem to en- force the regulations of the "Priestly Code,' which had been adopted by the people in B.C. 444 on the occasion of llie first visit. For literature, con- sult the works mentioned under Ezra, Book of. NEHEB, na'er, Bebxiiard VON (1806-86). A German historical painter, born at Biberach, W'iirttemberg. He studied in Stuttgart under lletscji and Dannecker. and in 1823 proceeded to Alunich, where he studied at the Academy under Cornelius. During his sojourn in Rome, from 1828 to 1832, he produced "The Raising of the Youth at Nain" (1831, Stuttgart Gallery), and "Abraham Visited by the Angels" (1832, Basel Jliiseum ), and on liis return to Munich was com- missioned to execute the fresco painting "Entry of Emperor Louis the Bavarian" (1832-35), on the recently restored Isar gate. Appointed director of the Leipzig Academy in 1841. he thence went to Stuttgart in 1846, as professor at the School of Art, and became its director in 18.54. His most important works there were a dozen great cartoons for stained-glass windows to be placed in churches in Stuttgart. Among several larger and smaller canvases, dating from that period, should l)e mentioned: "Descent from flic Cross" (18.>i'). Stuttgart Gallerv), and "Spring" (1858, Royal Palace, Stuttgart). NEHEB, .Michael (17981876). A German nrcliitcilural painter, brother of the preceding, born in Munich. On his way to Italy, in 1819, he spent some time at Trent painting portraits, but in Rome he took up genre subjects, and gradually gave more and more prominence to architectural surroundings. His "Roman Poul- try Vender" (1825, X'ew Pinakothek. Munich) is an exquisite specimen of that ])hase of his work. He returned to Munich in 1825, and painted many landscapes and architectural and custiime pieces. After 1837 he confined his brush to those subjects with which his name was thence- forth associated, namely, views of city squares, enlivened with scene* from German life of the past. The Xew Pinakothek at Munich has "In- terior of Chapel at Castle Transsnitz" (IS.'IS); "Views in Old Munich" (1842-43): "Magdeburg ratliedral" (1835); "Saint Vitus's Chnrch in Prague." NEHLIG, r-yf-p'. Victor (1830—). A Frenih hi-lnrical painter, born in Paris. He was a juipil of Cngniet and -VUd de Pujol, and came to the liiited States in IS5i'>. lie opened a studio in Xew York, and in 1870 was made a member of the Xational Acailemy of Di'sign. In 1872 he returned to Paris, where he still resides. Among his best works are: the "Bravo" (1870); "Ar- morer of the Olilcii Tinic." 'Gertrude of Wyo- ming." the "Artist's Dream," the "Cavalry Charge of Lieutenant Hidden," Xew York Historical So- ciety; "Battle at Autietam," in possession of William Astor, X'ew York : the "Captive Hugue- not," "Pocahontas," "Hiawatha."' the ""Serenade," and ""Waiting for My Enemy." Xehlig is suc- cessful in depicting historical scenes. NEHRING, na'ring, Wladislaw (1830—). A German Slavic scholar, born at Kletzko, near Gnesen. He was educated at the University of Breslau, where he was aijpointed professor of Slavic languages and literature in 1868. Among his publications are: Kiirs lilciatury polslci^j (1866); ,S'(»rfi/ a literachi (1884); and Allpol- nische Sprachdcnknuilcr (1887). NEIDE, ni'de, Emil (1843—). A German painter. l»orn at Kiiuigsberg. First a pupil of the Academy there, he continued his studies at Diisseldorf and Munich, especially under Dietz, and subsequently traveled in Belgium. Holland, France, and Italy. Previous to this journey he had e.xecuted the fresco painting ""Ptolemy Observing the Constellations,'' in the Aula of the Gymnasium at Kiinigsberg. where, after his return, he painted numerous portraits and sev- eral mythological subjects, of which "Psyche Conveyed Across the Styx by Charon" ( 1873, Kiinigsberg Museum), ""Orpheus and Eurydice" (1876, Halsey Collection. Xew York City), and the ""Scenes from the Odyssey." in fresco for the (lymnasium at Insterburg, are the most promi- nent. In 1880 he was appointed instructor, and in 1884 professor at the Kiinigsberg Academy. Two years afterwards he created a startling im- pression by his revolutionary change in the choice of subjects and their eoloristie treatment, as exemplified by such sensational genre scenes as "On the Scene of the Deed" I the discovery of a murdered man's body), "Tired of Life," and similar incidents. NEIDHART VON REXJENTHAL, nit'hart fou roiVntal (c.l 18i)-c.l25il i . .V German poet, born in Havaria. He |)articipaled in the crusade against Damietta, Egypt (1218-19). and later resided at the Court of Frederick the t^uarrel- some in Vienna. From Frederick lie re- ceived a fief near Melk and other valua- ble gifts. He was the originator of a new form of the mediieval lyric — the ]x>asant lyric written under the infiuence of the Court. In this he satirizes the wealthy but vulgar peasantry of Bavaria and .ustria. with its display of finery, its brawls, and its insolence to belters. For this ridicule he was bitterly disliked by the rustic versifiers, and, by the name Neid- hart Fuchs. 'was known as the enemy of the jieasants as late as the sixteenth century. X'eid- hart's work was an important one in the develop- ment of the Volkslied. upon which it continued for two centuries to leave a distinct impression. A manuscript collection of his poems, dating from the thirteenth century, was edited by Benecke, in vol. ii. of the lieitriifle cur Ki'tiritnis (III- iillilriilschrii Spriichc (Giittingen. 18321. 'The critical edition by Haupt (Leipzig. 1S58) is excellent. Xeidhart is co-liero with the PfafT .Vinis of. astasius Griin's (Count .Vuersperg's) I'fiiff row Knhh'iiUcrfi (Leipzig. 1S50: 3d ed. 1877). Consult also. Bielschowsky, Lchcti und Oichten yeidharts von Keiieiilhal (Berlin, 1891).