Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/30

* MOKONG. 18 Manila, and has a population of 0430. It was the capital of the fonucr I'rovince of JlOrong. MOBONG, Thomas (1827-94). An American botanist. Iicnu at C'aluiba, Ala. The family re- uioveil to Massacliust'tts while he was a boy, and lie graduated at Amiierst in 1848. He studied law, but later entered Andover Theological Sem- inary, and completed his studies in 1853. During his early life he was devoted to botany as an amateur; and in 1888 he undertook an extended voyage of exploration and botanical collection in (south America, and visited .rgentina. Paraguay, and Chile. Upon his return, in 1800, he was made curator of the herbarium of (dumbia Col- lege, in New York City. In conjunction with Dr. X. L. Britton he published An Enuiurnition of thf Plants Cnllcrtrd bi/ l>r. Thoiniis Muniiiij in I'tiriiiinujl. IfiSS-'JO. He was one of the contrib- utors to the International Enci/t'loprrdia. MOKONI, mft-ro'nf, or MORONE, Ci,Mn.T- TISTA (c.l;")-i5-78). An ll:ili;ni portrait jiainter. born at Albino, near Bergamo. He was a pupil of Moretto, and became one of the most noted portraitists of the Venetian school. He passed his life in and about Bergamo. In the Uflizi (!al- lery in Florence there are five portraits by him, including one of him.self. The National flallery in London has several of his works, including his masterpiece, the portrait of a tailor. His altar- pieces are of less value. MOROSINI, mo'ro-ze'nf^, originally JIoRosi. A family of Venetian nobles, dating from the eighth {'I'litury. Four of (be family became doges and many of them occupied other public ])osi- tions. The first celebrated member of the family was OoMEMCO MoKo.sixi. who was Doge from 1148 to 11.50. — Marino Moho.sini. who was Doge from 1240 to 1252, introduced the Inquisition into Venice. — Miciiet.e .Mokosixi was Doge for le.ss than a year (1.382). He was celebrated as a financier. — Andrea Morosini (1358-1(118) became historiographer of the Rejuiblic (1508). and held several public oHiees, besides being one of the Council of Ten. He wrote a history of Venice frinn 1521 to I(!I5. first published in lt!2.'!. and Iinfiri'sr cd <:si)cdizioni di Terra Santa r I'aniiiislo fatto dell' impcrio di VonxtantinopoVi dalla re- pubblica di Venezia (1627), a history of the Fourth Crusade. His other works have not been edited. — Francesco .Moro.sini ( 1018-04) gallantly but unsuccessfully defended the fortress of Can- dia against the Turks in 10r)7-(iO. About 20 years later he confpiered nearly all of the Atorea. which gained him the surname of il Pelo])on- nesiaeo. He was elected Doge in 1088. (^)nsult: ^lorosini. Francesco Moronini il Pcloponm siaco (Venice, 1885) ; Bruzzo, /■'. Morosini nclla (fiirrrn di Candid e nella conquista di it area (Forli, 1800). MOROT, mft'rA'. Ai.vfi:: Niroi.A.s (18.50—). A French painter, born at Nancy. He studied under Cabanel, and at the Rcole des Beavix-.Arls, where he was awanlcd the Prix de TJome in 187.'!. His yjictures. mainly historical sidijects and por- traits, are notable in color and composition. One of the best of them. "I.a bataille de Peicbshofen" (1887), is in the Luxembourg. MOROTOCO, mo'rA (o'kA. One of a group of sedentary aL'riciltural tribes residing about the Oxufpiis River, on the border of the Chaco region, in Southeastern Bolivia. The entire group con- MORPHINE. stitutes a distinct linguistic stock, the Samucuan. Their language is singularly musical. The iloro- toco are remarkable in being apparently ruled by the women. The men do the lujusehold drudgery, although they i^re tall and robust, and daring lumters. The women refu.se to have more llian two children, strangling any born above that numltcr. MOR'PETH. A markel-town and municipal l)orough in Northumberland, England, on the W'ansbeck, 15 miles north of Newcastle (Map: Kngland, El). The principal buildings are the parish church, the free gramnuir school of Ed- ward VI., founded in 1552, and the town hall, ereclelia|)cr. fasliioncr). In classic mythology, the son of Somnus (Sleep), because he shapes or molds the dreams that visit the sleeper. He is first mentioned by Ovid, and is represented as an old man with wings, pouring somniferous vapor out of a horn. MORPHINE, or MORPHIA (from Lat. .l/o;/./o ».v. go<l of (iB-cams ) . I •,;ll,,XO:, + H^O,. The most important of the eighteen alkaloids exist- ing in ojiium, of which it constitutes one-eighth to onesixteenlh by weight. It was first isolated in 1810 by Serliirner, a chemist of Hanover. It occurs in combinatiim with meconic and some- times sulphuric acid, as colorless, shining, pris- nuitic crystals, odorless, and having a bitter taste. It is soluble in 1000 parts of cold and in 400 parts of boiling water : in 20 parts of cold and in 13 parts of boiling alcohol. It is less soluble in ether and chhuoform.. The following are the ordinary tests for mor|ihine: Concentrated nitric acid when applied to morphine or its salts gives an orange color, changing to yellow: when it is mixed with iodic aci<l iodine is liberated, which may be recognized by the well-known starch test: a neutral solution of a morphine salt pro- duces a blue color with a neutral solution of ferric chloride. Morphine is the only opium alkaloid soluble in lime water, and this property alTords one of the best means of extracting it. .Morphine cond)ines with acids to form crystallizable salts, which are readily soluble in water and alcohol. Of these the sulphate hy<lrochlorate (or muriate) and acetate are used in medicine. Apomorpliine (q.v.). a powerful emetic, is prepared by heating morphine for some hours with an excess of hydrochloric acid. The therapenlic uses of morphine and its salts are similar to (hose of opium (q.A-.). but mor- phine acts more certainly and quickly and is more readily absorbed than opium, is more suit- able for hypodermic use, and is less apt to con- stipate and cause gastric disturbances. The or- ilinary dose for an adult is from one-eighth to one-half a grain. The habitual taking of morphine is not un- conunon. Those addicted to this habit become de- pendent for a comfortable existence on the drug, and graduallv increase the dose until enormous