Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/290

* NARCOTICS. 248 NARRAGANSET. modified by a variety of ciioumstanecs — such as agf, idiosyncrasy, and prolonged vise — they should be administered with extreme caution, and, as a general rule, only luidcr competent advice. The various quack medicines for children which are known as carmiiialivcs, soolhiiiy syrupa, etc., con- tain some form of opium, and are a fertile cause of the great mortality that occurs in early life, especially among the poorer classes. NAR'COTINE, C^^fl^XO:. One of the organic bases or alkaloids occurring in opium, in which it usually exists in the jiroportion of to 8 per cent. It is nearly insoluble in water, and but sparingly sijluble in alcohol and ether, but dis- solves readily in chloroform. Narcotine possesses very slight alkaline properties; its salts do not readily crystallize, and are even more bitter than those of morphine, although the substance itself is almost tasteless. See Alkaloid.'?. NARD. A fragrant plant. See Spikenard. NARDO, ujir-do' (Lat. Neretum). A town in the Province of Lecce, Italy. 34 miles south by east of Brindisi (Map: Italy, N 7). It is the see of a bishop, has a 8.S;"in 1001, 14.:iS7. NAR'DUS (Lat.. nard. from (k. i/dpSos. from Pers. niirt). from Skt. luilada. Indian spikenard). A genus of one species of grass {Xardiin ulicta), often called mat-grass, a pur])lish perennial grow- ing in tufts characteristic of dry elevated situa- tions in Europe, Australia, etc. It has little or no feeding value. NARES, n;1r/. Sir George Strong (1831 — ). A British Arctic explorer, born at Danestown, Scotland. He entered the navy in 1840. and ■went with Mecham on the Rrfiolutc in the .retic expedition of 18-')2. In 1872-74 he connnanded the famous i'hiilU iKjir exjiedition. engaged in deep- sea exploration. In lS7.i. in command of the splendidly <'i|uii)i)ed Ahrl and Di.triirrrii. he set out on a Polar expedition, and proceeding up Smith Soind, be reached with the Alrrt the par- allel of 82° 27', the farthest north any ship had then gone. Markham, his lieutenant, on sledges went in 1870 as far as 83° 20', another record at the time. In 1878 Xar.es surveyed ;Magellan Strait and many parts of the Pacific. He served in the Harbor Oeparlment of (he Hoard of Trade (187!l-!10l. and in I8it2 became vice-admiral. He wrote: Ur/xiits on Orraii Sou iitl infix (iiiil Trntpcr- aturc ( 1874-7.')) : Official Report of the Arctic Ex- prtiititm (1S70) ; and yarratice of a Voyage to the Vuhir Hen (1878). NARES, ROHERT (I753-182n). An English philologist, born at York. .After studying at Christ Church. Oxford, he took orders, and from 17JIS until his death was Canon of Lichfield. As critic, essayist, and theologian he held a high rank among the writers of his time. With the Tiev. William Bcloe he foundeil the Urilixh Critic in 17'.13, and he published: HIemriil.i of Orthoepy (1784): C hrotxil 11(1 i rill VtVir i,f the Prophecies Relating to the Clirixtian Chiirrh (1805) : and A (lloKxarii of Wfiriln. I'hrn.sen, men.anil Alliisinnfi in the Wnrla of Ihuili^h Anthor.i (1822). which is by far Iiis most important work, contains many excellent criticisms of the text of Shakespeare, and is valuable for all of the Elizabethan litera- ture. NAREW, nii'rev. A river of West Russia, rising in the Government of Grodno. It flows westward, forming part of the boundary of Po- land, and joins the Bug 19 miles north of War- saw. Its length is 271 miles, 212 of which are navigable. The Augustowo Canal connects it with the Xiemen. NARINO, na-re'ny6, Anto.mo (1705-1823). A Colombiau politician, born in Bogotft. In 1705, on account of bis republican views, he was -de- ported to Spain, whence he esca])cd to France and England. In 1707 be returned to Xew Granada. In the War of Independence. Xariiio took a prominent part as leader of the Centralist Party and withstood the attacks of the Federal i.sts on Bogota. He had now become dictator and turned his attention to the Spanish forces in the south, by whom he was defeated and captured in 1814. After five years' imprisonment in Spain he re- turned to Colombia, was acquitted of a charge of embezzlement and malfeasance, and appointed Vice-President by Bolivar. NARNI, niir'ne. A town in the Province of Perugia, Italy, on the Xera, 45 miles north of Rome by rail (Map: Italy. G 5). Ruins of a massive marble bridge built by Augustus and of a very ancient aipu'duct are still to be seen. Xarni has been the seat of a bisliopric since 360. The Cathedral of Saint .luvenalis dates from the thirteenth century. Other buildings of interest are the castle, now- used as a prison, and the town hall with a finely sculptured fa(ade. Xarni, the ancient Xeiiiiiniun, was colonized by the Romans about n.c, 300, The Emperor Xerva was born here. Population (commune), in 1881, 11,- 071: in 1001, 12,725. NARO, nii'r6. A town in the Province of Girgenti, Sicily, situated at an altitude of 1045 feet. 12 miles'east of Girgenti (Map: Italy. 11 10). It has a sixteenth-century castle of the Chiaranumti. and remains of catacoudis, grottoes, aijueducts. and other antiquities. The brimstone [lits in tlie vicinity yield large quantities of sul- phur. Population (commune), in 1881, 10.305; in 1001. 12.>^00. NARRAGAN'SET. A former leading Al- gonquian tribe of Xew England, occupying most of the territory along the western shore of the bay of the same name, in Rhode Island, and claiming dominion over several smaller tribes of the interior and the islands, including Long Island. They .seem to have Ijeen of more ancient occupancy than the neighboring Moliegan and Pequot, They escaped the pestilence which li.nd desolated the southern Xew England coast in I6I7. and being joined by nniny of the fugitive survivors, soon became a strong tribe, so that it is certain that they numbered several thousands when first known to the whites. They befriended Roger Williams, and through his influence re- fused to join in the Pequot War. In King Philip's War the Xarraganset took a leading part under their chief Canonicus. In the celebrated 'Swamp Fight' they lost nearly 1000 in killed and prisoners. Canonicus himself was killed soon afterwards. Those who surrendered at the close of the war were settled among their former tributaries, the Xiantic (q.v,), the whole body thenceforth being known as Xarraganset. They