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* NAPOLEON III. 246 NARBONNE. 1S!»7). Xapolcoit HI. u,id lli.t Vvurt ( ib., 18SI8), anil The ('unit of the .Stcoiirf tinpiic yil)., 18'.I8;. The leading comprehensive histories of the .Sec- ond Kmi)ire are: De la Goree, Hinloirc du second empire (4 vols., Paris, 1885-98), which partially supersedes the earlier work by Taxile Delord, Histoire du seeond empire (G vols., Paris, 1809- 7ti). Consult, also, Thirria, Xapol^on III. avani I'lmpire (Paris, 1895); Villel'ranclie. Xapolifon J II. (ib., 1897) ; tiottsohalk, upoleoii III., eine hiutjraphische Sludie (1871) : Von 8ybel, Xapo- leon III. ( 1873) ; Siuison, Die Bezicliuiiyen Xapo- hoiis III. :u Preussen und Deutschland (1882) ; -Murdock. l{ceon/<truction of Europe (Boston, 1891) : Victor Hugo, Histoire d'un crime (1877) ; and id., Xapol^on le petit (1852). NAPOLEON, ErGf;NE Louis .Jean Joseph llSoO-7'.i). Xlie only son of Napoleon III. of France; better known as the Prince Imperial. He was born in the Tuileries in Paris. March 16, 185li. At the outbreak of the Franco-German War of 1870-71 he accompanied his father to the front and was first under fire at Saarbriicken. When the war began to go against the Im- perial arms, however, he was sent to England, where he joined his mother after her flight from Paris. I'pon the death of his father he took the title of Count of Pierrefonds. In 1874 he reached his majority and was pro- claimed as Napoleon IV. by his adherents. Five years later, in order to arouse enthusiasm on his behalf among his countrymen, he joined a British expedition against the Zulus, and while reconnoitring was ambushed and killed (June 1, 18791. Consult: Barlee. Life of Xitpoleoii. Prince Imperial of France (London. 1880); Hfrisson, Le prince imperial (Paris, 1890) ; and Martinet, I.r prince imjicrial (ib., 1895). NAPOLEON, Joseph Charles Paul, Prince (1822-911. . son of Jerome Bonaparte. See Bonaparte. NAPOLEON GUN. See Artillery. NAPOLEON LE PETIT, Ir pr-f,'-' (Fr.. Napo- leon the Little). A violent satirical attack on Louis Napoleon by Victor Hugo, written at Brus- sels in 1S.")2. NAPOLEON'S TOMB. The magnificent bur- ial place of Xapolcon Bonaparte is under the dome of the Invalides. Paris. It was constructed by Visconti and has the form of a circular crypt 20 feet deep and 30 in diameter, open at the top. On the granite walls arc ten marble reliefs by Simart. The mosaic pavement, repri-icnting a laurel wreath. tx>ars the names of various liattles. In the middle rises the red granite sarcophagus, 13 feet long. fi'(. wide, and 141/. high, cut from a single block weighing 67 tons, surrounded by 12 victories by Pradier. .Above the entrance to the crypt is a sentence from Napoleon's will: "I desire that my ashes shall rest on tlie banks of the Seine, in the midst of the French people that I have loved so well." On one side is the sar- rnphagiis of the Emperor's friend Duroc. who fell at Bautzen in 1813. on the other that of his faithful companion Bertrand. who shared his captivity. Napoleon's remains were brought from Saint Helena to their present burial place bv the Prince dc .TMiiiviltr in 18-10. NAPOLEON-VENDEE, viiN'dft'. . former name of Roche-sur-Von (q.v.). A town of France. NARA, nii'ra. The capital of a prefecture of the same name on the island of Hondo. Japan, situated 25 miles by rail southeast of Osaka (Map: Japan, D U). It was the capital of Japan from 709 to 784. The most interesting temples are the Kasuga, situated in a magnificent park; the Todai-ji with its huge bell, over 13 feet high and more than 9 feet in diameter, and the gigantic statue of Buddha over 53 feet high; and the Kobuku-ji with the modern statues of Brahma and Indra. Of great archa-ological value is the storehouse in which specimens of articles used in the Imperial household for over a thou- sand years have been preserved. The local mu- seum is also of considerable archaeological inter- est. The principal manufactures of Nara are Indian ink, fans, and modern toys. Population, in 1898, 30,539. NARAKA, nil'ri-ka (Skt., hell). The hell of the Hindus. The doctrine of a place for the bad, though not necessarily a place of torment, is as old as the Veda. This region was one of bottom- less darkness beneath the earth. The faith of the Brahmanic jieriod and of the Upanishads had the same belief, and the descriptions of hell-torments became fully devdojied later, ilanu enumerates 21 hells, and gives a general description of the tortures which await the impious there. The Puranas. however, arc more systematic. The Vishnu-Purana. for instance, not only names 28 such hell~. but distinctly assigns each of them to a particular class of sinners. Besides these hells which the Purana knew by name, there were ccnmtless others. Buddhism .shares with Brah- manism in the later doctrine of hell-torment and the grades of hell. Consult: Scherman, Male- rialien ci/r Oeschichte der indischen Visionslit- teratur (Leipzig, 1892) ; Hopkins, Religions of India (Boston, 1895). NARBADA, nur-bud'a. A river of India. See Nekiudda. NARBONNE, niirbun' (Lat. Xarho). A town in the JJcpartmcnt of Aude. in Southern l''rance, situated si.x miles from the Mediterra- nean, and 93 miles by rail southeast of Toulouse ( Map: France, .T 8). The streets of this formerly important city present a poor appearance, relieved only by those of the attractive new but small quarter. The Church of Saint Just was in olden times the cathedral. It is an imposing though uncompleted structure, begun in the .Middle Ages, and exhibiting many of the most daring ideas of the Gothic. Its choir is 131 feet high; the towers rise 104 feet. The Gothic Hotel-de-ville is a creation of iolletle-Duc. There is a gooil mu- seum, containing chiefly paintings and ceramics. Narbonne has a hydrographical school and a seminary. Its industries include coopering and distilling establishments. It jiroduccs ver<iigris, candles, tiles, pottery, dyes, and liathcr. It deals in wine, grain, oil, salt, and sulphur. Its honey is famous, and its red wine is peculiar to the district. It has a Chamber of .-griculture and an amological station, the latter established in 1894. The town is on a branch of the impor- tant Canal du Midi. .Mmut 11 miles to the .south is the port La Nouvclle. at the end of the Nar- bonne Canal. It is the harbor for Narbonne, and has some manufactories. Population of Nar- bonne. in 1901. 28,852. a decrease of 700 since 1891. Narbo became Roman in B.C. 116. It was