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* NAILS. 323 NAIRS. slightly tapering, of course, with the fibre, and are .squeezed and headed up by the machine before jxoing into the trough. In 1807 the wire nails produced in the United States amounted to 8,007,24.5 kegs of 100 pounds each. The output of cut nails for the same year was 2.106,790 kegs. American wire nails are largely exported to Europe and to other parts of the world. In 1898 ther total number of eut-nail and cut-spike works in the United States was 55; the total number of wire-nail works was 79. The accompanying table shows the export of nails from the United States for the past decade. Oujarati I.aruth, chut'n. Distinctive marks of Naipali are the occasional asjiiration of medial consonants (e.g. ayhi, 'before,' Hindi age, Prakrit agg<'. Skt. agre), softening of initial surds (e.g. Naipali guranu "to make.' Hindi lama, Skt. kar), and the use of an agential case as the active subject of a passive voice (a curious phenomenon widespread in the modern Indo-Iranian languages), in -le corresponding to the Hindi -«e (e.g. Naipali diitle, '[by the] milk,' Hindi dudhnP) . The language has a num- ber, possibly one-fifth, of loan-words from its Tibeto-Burman neighbors, but has maintained Nails Exported from the Uniteu States (From the Statistical Abstract for 1000. iircparcil by tlif' Bureau of Statistics, under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury) YEAR Cut Wire, wrought, liorse- shue, and ail utiier, including taclis Wire All other, including ta£kB 1891 Pounds 11,723,727 12,197,669 15,604,347 16,736,643 16,895,428 20,730,260 26,476,585 32,310,399 32,869,265 24.915,866 Value $283,839 273,191 330,554 330,118 283,646 428,630 519,471 612,234 604.215 647.711 Pounds 1,768,433 2,056,267 2.300,501 3,233,776 4,367,267 8,031,297 9,941,714 Value $136,858 160,239 158,093 180.607 210.192 321.055 357.541 Pounds 22,894,099 51,193,212 84,635.468 Value $458,787 973.434 2,124,528 Pounds 4,308,082 4,619,843 4,341,249 Value 1893 1894 1895 ]S9«i 1897 J89S $245 722 1899 285.427 1900 278 709 Consult: Swank. Bistorii and Manxfactiirc of Iron ill All Ages (Philadelphia, 1802) : Smith, Trcalise on Wire, Its Manufacture and Uses (London and New York, 1801). NAIN", na'in (Gk. Noiv). A town in Galilee, mentioned in Luke vii. 11-17 as the scene of Jesus' miracle of raising a widow's son from death. The site is now occupied by a miserable mud village (modern name ya'in), but ruins near by show that once a city of some size existed on the spot. The situation on the slopes of 'Little Hemion,' about six miles southeast of Nazareth, is beautiful, commanding a view of the plain of Esdraelon, Mount Carmel to the southwest. Jlount Hermon to the northeast, and of the varied landscape of Central CJalilee. NAIN SING ( ?-1882). A Hindu explorer in Central Asia. He was born at Numaon : was trained by a Colonel Montgomerie for exploring work, and in 1856 and 1857 was employed in Kashmir and Ladak by the Schlagintweits. His journey to Lhasa (1865-66) was rewarded by the Royal Geographical Society; in 1867 he explored the gold mines of Thok .Jalung, and he went with Sir Douglas Forsyth to Yarkand in 1873. His most important journey was from Leh across the unexplored plateau of Tibet in 1874-75, marking its manv lakes, to Lhasa, and thence to Calcutta. For a description, with map, of this expedition, consult the (ieographical Magazine of 1870. NAIPALI (ni-pa'le) LANGUAGE. The In- dian language spoken in Nepal. This dialect ap- proaches in general structure more closely to Hindi than to any other of the modern Indian vernaculars. Thus, as examples sliowing the affinity of Naipali to the New Indian dialects, may be cited Naipali pdk, 'ripe.' Bengali pfiha, Hindi pnkka. Sindhi pakfi (Skt. Pakra) ; Naipali maliaiiigo, 'costly.' Hindi inahningd (Skt. iiiahar- ghn) : Naipali 'lli'ilo. 'loose.' Hindi dliila iSkt. iithila) ; Naipali diit, 'milk,' Hindi duilh. Pan- jahi dudd (Skt. diiqdha). In inflection also there are parallels, as Naipali gar chum, 'I do,' itself on the whole with considerable purity. It has a very scanty literature written in the Devanagari character. Consult: Turnbull. 'Nepali (Irainmar, and Eng- lish-Nepali and Nepali- English Vocabulary (Darjiling, 1888) ; Hoernle, Comparative Gram- mar of the Uaudian Languages (London, 1880). NAIRN, narn. The capital of Nairnshire, Scotland, a royal and Parliamentary burgh. 15 miles northeast of Inverness, at the mouth of the river Nairn (Map: Scotland, E 2). It is noted for the excellence of its sea-bathing and artificial baths. It manufactures rope and twine. Popu- lation, in 1801, 4500; in 1901, 5100. NAIRNE, narn, Carolina (Oliphaxt) (1766- 1845), Baroness. A Scotch song-writer, born at Gask. Perthshire. In 1806 she married her second cousin. JIajor William Murray Nairne (afterwards sixth Lord Nairne) ; lived in Edin- burgh till her husband's death (1829); after- wards in Ireland and on the Continent ; and returned to CJask, where she died. Between 1821 and 1824 she contributed songs to The Scottish Minstrel of R. A. Smith. .As a song-writer, she is highly esteemed. Particularly beautiful are "Land o' the Leal," "Caller Herrin'," "The Laird o' Cockpen." and "The Auld House." Consult: Rogers, Life and f<ongs of Lady Nairne (Edin- burgh, 1860) ; Kington Oliphant, Jacobite Lairds (Grampian Club. 1870). NAIRN'SHIRE. A county in the northeast division of Scotland, bounded by the Moray Firth and the counties of Inverness and JIo- ray (Map: Scotland, E 2). Its area is 195 square miles, of which about 26.000 acres are under cultivation. There is considerable agri- cultural activity, and the county is known for its cattle-breeding. Nairn is the only town of im- portance. Population, in 1801, 8300; in 1851, 10,000: in 1891, 91.55; in 1001, 0300. NAIRS, n,a'*rz. The inhabitants of Malabar, in Southwestern Hindustan, They are a con-