Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/257

* NAGASAKI. 219 NAGPUR. on a small peninsula in tlio northwest of tlie island of Kiusiiiu, iu kingitude 129' S2' E. and latitude 32° 44' X. (Map: Japan. A 7). The harbor, about three miles long, is one of the safest in the East, and sullicientlj- deep for vessels of twenty-six feet draught. The town has water-works with filter beds, a nieteurologieal station, schools, a theatre, and hos])itals. The principal industrial establishments are the Akanoura Engine ^'orks and several ship yards. The foreign commerce of Nagasaki amounted in 1000 to about .$11,000,000, of which about .$3,500,- 000 represented exports. The principal imports are cotton, coal, sugar, and petroleum, and the chief exports coal, rice, flour, cam|)hor. vegetable wax. and tobacco. The shipping amounted in 1900 to nearly 2.000,000 registered tons. Naga- saki is an important coaling station. The prin- cipal countries of the world are represented at Nagasaki by consuls. Population, in 1900, 120.- 8(io, including 1705 foreigners, of whom 1144 were Chinese. The commercial importance of Nagasaki dates from the sixteenth century, when it became the stronghold of the .Japanese Chris- tians, and an important centre in the foreign trade of Japan. When the Eurojjeans were ex- pelled from .Japan, the Dutch were permitted to maintain their factory on the islet of Deshima (q.v. ). Nagasaki then became the only point of communication between Japan and Europe. It was opened to foreign commerce by the treaty of ISoS. NAGCABLAIf, niig'kar-lan'. A town of cen- tral Luzon, Philippines, in the Province of La- guna (Map: Luzon, G 10). It is situated 11 niile.s south of Santa Cruz, and has a population of about 13,000, NAGEIi, n-i'gel, Albrecht Eduabd (1833-95). A German ophthalmologist. He was born at Danzig; studied at Berlin under Griife: and after practicing in his birthplace for several years, became docent (1804) and professor (1807) at Tubingen. His most important dis- covery was the identity of the retinas as o|)posed to the tlieory of projection. This is ex])lained in his book, Das Sehoi mit ::uxn Aiigen (1801). Nagel's further writings include: Die Refrak- tions- und Akkommodationsanomalien des Auges (1800); Behandlung der Anuxuroseii und Am- hlynpien mit Strychnin (1871); and Die Vor- bildung ~»»i medizinischen Stvdinm (1890). NAGELI, na'ge-le, Kakl Wilhelm (1817-91 ). A Swiss botanist, born in Kilchberg, near Zurich. After studying at Zurich, Geneva, and Berlin, he began in 1842 to teach botany in Zurich, was made extraordinary professor in 1848, full professor at Freiburg in 1852, in 1855 at Zurich, and linally was appointed to the chair of botany at Munich. He gave to the morphology of plants, especially cryptogams, a great impetus. He also worked upon the genera of phanerogams, point- ing out the limitations of species, with especial reference to the occvirrence of hybrids, and to their origin through the transformation of species. He was a somewhat voluminous writer on systematic, eytological. and nuirphological subjeets. He discussed in his Mccltaiiisch-phi/fsin- logixche Theorie der Ahstammiingslrhre (1883) the causes of the transformation of species, main- taining that each species is compelled by some peculiar internal cause to develop into a new form independently of the environment, and up Vol. XIV.— 16. to a certain degree independently of the struggle for existence. See Pkooke.ssion. NAGELSBACH, na'gels-biio, ICabi, Feiedbich (1800-59). A (nrman classical scholar and pro- fessor at Erlangen (1842). He was born in Nuriinberg. and was the author of a popular La- teinisclic StyUslik ( 1S40, and often reissued); Die honierische Theologie (revised ed. 1801); Die nnchliomerische Thri>togie (1857). He edited the Againciiinon of -Eschylus (1863). NAGLER, nii'gler, Geohg Ka.sp.k (1801-00). A German writer on art, l)orn at Untersiissbach, Bavaria, Having settled at Munich as an an- tiquary, he began the publication of his Neue.s all- gcmeines Kiinstlerlexikon (22 vols,, 1835-52), a monument of industry and careful research. An- other important work is Die Moivigrammisten (vols, i.-iii., 1857-63; vol. iv., ed. by Andresen, 1871; vol. v., ed. by Clauss, 1879) ; besides which he published the monographs, Raphael als Mensch und Kiinstler (1835) ; Albrecht Diirer und seine Kunst (1837); Michel Angela Buonarotti als Kiinstler, and Lehen und Wvrke des Malers und Radirers Rembrandt van Ryn (1843). WA'GOR (African name). A West African antelope (Cervicapra. redunca), one of the reed- bucks. NAGOYA, na-g(yya. The capital of the Prov- ince of Uwari. .Japan, in the island of Hondo, 94 miles by rail east-northeast of Kioto (Map: Japan, E 6 ) . It formerly belonged to the House of Owari, one of the most prominent houses in Japan, whose castle, dating from the be- ginning of the seventeenth century, is the principal feature of Nagoya, and contains many specimens of the work of some of the best artists of Japan. Another interesting feature is the Buddhist temple of Higashi Hongwanji with beautiful specimens of wood-carving. In the vicinity of the town is the industrial settlement of Seto, where the first glazed pottery in Japan was produced in the thirteenth century, and where the first work in eloisonne enameling in the counti-y was done in the nineteenth century. Nagoya is still one of the most important pot- tery centres in .Japan, the industry employing al- most its entire population. It has al.so extensive manufactures of cotton and silk and embroideries. Population, in 1898, 244,145. NAGPXTR, nag-poor', or NAGPORE. A division of the Central Provinces (q.v.), British India, comprising the districts of Nagpur, Bhan- dara, Chanda, Wardha, and Balaghat (Map: India, C 4), Area, 24,127 square miles; popula- tion, in 1891, 2,982.507; in 1901, 2,716,748. There are extensive tracts of low marshland throughout the region, and the climate generally is unhealth- ful. In the more fertile districts, cotton, rice, maize, oil-seed and other seeds, fruits, and vegeta- bles are largely cultivated, and the division is famous for its oranges. The chief minerals are coal, antimony, ochre, and goUl, The Gonds (q.v.) inhabit the hilly sections. Nagpur, formerly a part of the great Mah.ratta kingdom, was ruled by rajas, sometimes called the rajas of Berar, luitil 1853, when the dynasty became extinct, and the territory was annexed by the British. Capi- tal, Nagpur. NAGPUR, or NAGPORE. The capital of the Central Provinces. British India, and of a division and district, 520 miles by rail east-