Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/244

* MYSORE. 206 MYSTERIES. ■west also by Coorg, and on the north by Bom- Residency, the ilohan .Nkilial or pleasure palace, bav and Jladras (Map: India, C 0). Area, the .summer palace, and the European eliurches. 27.030 square miles. The country consists of a Modern metliods liave greatly improved the sani- plateau from 2000 to 3000 feet above the sea, in- tation of the town. The manufacture of carpets closed in the angle between the Kastern and West- is the leading industry, and there is an active ern Ohats. Its surface is undulating, somewhat trade in the products of the State. Jlysore was level in the east, but rugged and mountainous in tributary to Seringapatam until its ruler cap- the west, where it is heavily forested and sparse- turcd that city in llilO, and hence^forth it was ly populated. It consists mainly of primi- the capital of the .State and the seat of the Raja, tive rocks, and basaltic trap formations are During the period of Knglisli rule { 1831-81 ). the common: the drugs, jirecipitous rocky masses capital was removed to B;ingalore. population, rising more than 1000 feet above the pla- teau, are characteristic features of the State. The rivers are all unnavigable mountain streams; most of them How toward the Bay of Bengal, and are largely utilized for irriga- in ISiU. 74.048: in 1901. 08,111. MYSTAGrOGUE, mis'ta-gog (Lat. mystago- 1 (JUS. from t;k. ^iffTo7«76s, one who introduces into 1 mysteries, from /xwtj/s, »ii/s'<'.v, initiate, from liidv, myein, to initiate, close the li|)s or eyes. lion purposes: the northern streams belong to f,.,„„ ^5^ ,„y_ slight soun.l made bV the lips the basin of the Kistna, and the southern to the _(_ iy^f,,^ ar/ogos, leader, from il7«i'," ai/cin, to Kaery basin. Grain and oilseeds form the ipjul). In the Greek religious svstem. the func- major part of the crops. The betelnut and cocoa- tionarv who directed the preparations of the nut palm are important, and colVee is grown in oandidates for initiation in the mvsteries (q.v.). large quantities. There are a number of gold xhev were men who had passed through all the mines in the eastern part of the State. grades of initiation, and were probablv under Mysore is ruled by a Maharaja, whose word prac- the cognizance of the State. Prior to presenting tically IS law. A representative assembly meets ],i,„self for initiation, each votarv had to place annuaUv. but its powers are limited to discus- iii,„self „„,i,.r the tiuidance of one of these mvsta- sion. The State maintains a small military force of about 4000 men. An annual tribute is jKiid to the British Government in consideration of mili- tary proteetiim. British interests are looked after by a political agent who resides at Mysore, the capital. In 1001 the iM)piiIatioii was .5.538 gogues, and received instruction from him as to the various purifications and ceremonies to l)e ])erformed. The mystagogue passed upon the fitness or unfitness of the ajiplicant to re- ceive the rites. In the Christian writers the term is used of the jiriest who pre]Kired candi- 482. showing an increase of 12 per cent, for the . ,iates for the sacraments of baptism, confirma decade. Xearly 94 per cent, of the population tj^,, ^„,i ji,p Eucharist, are Hindus. The remainder are mainly Mohain- medans. The principal town is Bangalore. IIi.STORV. Frequently mentioned in Hindu literature under the rule of various dynasties, the territory was merged with the Balala King- dom of Delhi after the ilohammedan invasion of the fourteenth century. After the over- tlirow of the Ballala rule liy Ala-ud-Din. a new- State arose, including My.sore and part of the C'arnatic. with Vijayanagar as capital. In 1.505 its ruler. Raja Ram. was defeated and killed at the battle of Talikot by a ^loslem confederation, and the State again became divided xmder the rule of several minor cliiefs. One of these. Raja .1 MYSTERIES ( Lat. mysterium, from Ok. larM aTiiinov, iiiiistdiiin from ^i'>(Tt>)s, ?h,i/s/cs, initiate).^ .Secret rites connected with the Greek religion. Tiiey have been divided into two groups: 1 1 ) those where the [larticipants were a small circle of priests. olUcially connected with the sanctuary, and (2) tlios<' where the participants were numerous. Xaturally our information on these matters is very scanty, and liy no means trustworthy, and the subject has been a fertile field for ingenious sjieculation. For a long time the view was prevalent that the mysteries con- cealed deep truths and the remnants of a prinii- Wodevar, captured Seringapatam in 1010, and tiye reye afon too profound lor the P"P" ar f his successors strengthened their rule until, at """'l- ^'"^' el>'ef representatl^eotls doctrine > the close of the seventeenth centurv. their sover- ^f '^'['^^f >• '" "* 'V'"6«':- ">^ '^ n ■""i» iT-' extended throughout Mvsore. This dv- "r,? .L'*""! '■*/'°A'; J"'^!"'^..""'^ f?""""**^ n;S7^;aV^:;;;;;ian;:.d'T,r'^i:e;iVrh;;:nth^;;:;tm^v 1330-43). TIu. dea,h.blow-,o these theories, so bv llvder Ali (q.v.). the formidable foe to the f*"- ''% '^"tf • scholarship was concerned, came rising British power in Imlia. By the defeat and f'"'" i:!^:^- ^^^^'l^^ :^^!"":f^:!^r!^Jt!:]^ death of his son Tipu. Sultan at Seringapatam. in 1790, the State came under British control. Part of the territory was annexed to India, ami a descendant of Wodevar was appointed to rule over the remainder. Owing to misrule, the British took charge of the administration from 1831 to ISSl. berg. 1829) showed that such occult wisdom was no part of their teaching. Mysteries were numer- ous in Greece, and were celebrated in honor o( many gods, but in only a few places did they reach a national importance. Of these tlic most celebrated and reverenced were the Eleusinian ntvsteries, connected with the worship of De- MYSORE, or MAISUR. The capital rf the meter and Cora (or Persephone) at Kleusis native Stale of the same name. India. 10 miles (q.v.) in Attica. With these goddesses there southwest of Seringapatam and 24.5 miles south- appear in the Eleusinian cult an anonymous go4 west of Madras (Map: India. C 0). The tnwn and goddess (SfA«, thcos, and Sei, thin). Pluto, is picturesquely situatid in a valley at the foot lacchus. Triptolcinus. and Kiibuleus. whose con- • of the temple crowned Cliamundi Hill, which nection with the worship is by no means clear., rises on the southeast 3489 feet above the sea. The rites and legends connected with this cult It is a well-built town, with wide and regular are very simitar to those prevailing not long streets; area, about three square miles. The ago among the European peasants, and point houses generally are built of teak and roofed clearly to a similar belief in a 'corn-spirit, with tiles: the chief buildings are (he quad- which dies and is reborn yearly. So far as can be rangular fort inclosing the Maharaja's palace, the judged, the Eleusinian mysteries consisted large-