Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/238

* MYCENiE. 200 MYCORRHIZA. village comniunity, who in the time of rausanins showed visitors the graves of Agamemnuii and bis liousehold. The destruction of the city by the Arrives did not greatly injure the massive C'ycloi)ean wall; and this fortilication. with the ■Lion Gate,' so called from the reliefs on the triangular slab over the lintel, and the domed tomb outside, commonly called the 'Treasury of Atreus,' had attracted the attention of archaeolo- gists long before Heiurich Schliemann in 1870 began his excavations. These opened an entirely new field in Greek archa-ologv' by the discovery just inside the Lion Gate of a carefully inclosed circle, Avithin which at a considerable dei)th wore live graves, hewn in the rock, and containing a number of bodies with an extraordinary mass of gold and silver ornaments, swords, and vases. Since that time the Greek Arch,Tological Society has continued the excavations, for the most part through Dr. Tsountas, whose accurate and care- ful methods have proved highly successful. Be- sides the 'Treasury of Atreus,' eight other domed tombs and a very large number of smaller rock- out chambers for burial have been opened. With- in the wall a sixth grave was discovered near the others, the foundation walls of smaller houses were laid bare, while near the summit of the Acropolis were f(nmd the ruins of a palace show- ing great similarity to that at Tiryns. The discoveries at this site first brought into jiromi- nenee that special period of .Egean civilization which preceded the historic Hellenic culture, and hence the name ilycen.Tan has been given to this age and civilization. Kvery year brings to light fresh material from this period, but until the recent discoveries in Crete no single site has yielded so large a variety of objects, or so com- jilete a series of vases. For the general character- istics of Mycenaean art and for illustrations, see Arch.eoloov. Consult: Schliemann, Miiceinc (London, 1878) : Schuchhardt, f^chlicmann'/i Ex- cavations, trans, by E. Sellers (London, 1891) ; Tsountas and ilanatt. The ]tiicciia'a)i Age (Bos- ton, 1897) : Riptian king, the sixth of the Fmnth Dynasty. His name, written by Herodotus as alinve, and by Piodorus, 'Meelieri- nus,' is, following the Kgyjitian form. "Men- kaura.' ?Ie built a pyramid soithwest of Gizeh. the third in size and the first in point of preservation. In it in 18.'!7 were found his stone sarcophagus (afterwards lost at sea) and frag- ments of his wooden coflin. Myoerinus was famed for his piety. He is the subject of one of the early poenis of ^latthew Arnold. MY'CETOZO'A (XeoLat. nom. pi., from Gk. fii/Kiji, iiuil.i'f:. fungus + {"((Jov. zSoii. animal). .V -mall cla-s of terrestrial Protozoa (q.v.). MYCO'NIUS, Frikdhich (149M.14fi). A German theologian of the Reformation. He was born at Liehtenfels in Tjiper Franconia. of a family named Mekum. and assumed the Latinized name Myeonius. At the age of nineteen he en- tered a Franciscan cloister at . nnberg, and in I.Mr, became a monk. In the following year My- eonius embraced Luther's teachings, and about l.i'24. ns pastor of a elnirch at Got ha, became one of the leailers of the lieformalion. He rendered especially valuable service in Thuringia ami, after 15.30, in Leipzig, by reviving the primitive custom of episcopal visits to the difTercnt churches. He attended several of the conferences of the Reformation period and in 1538 was sent on a mission to England, ilyeonius's Uistoria Refonnationia, which contains much autobio- graphic matter, was published in 1710. Consult: Ledderhosc, t'ricdrieh Miicmiiiis (Gotha, 1854), and the biography by Meurer in his Altviiter der liitherischeii Kirehe (Leipzig, 1804), MYCONIUS, Oswald ( 1488-155-2). A Swiss refiirmer and Irieud of Zwingli. His real name was Oswald Geishusler. He was born at Lu- cerne, studied and taught at Basel; then lived for three years (151-19) at Zurich. After teaching at Lucerne and Finsiedeln he returned to Zurich. About 1532 ilyconius liccame pastor at Basel, and was soon elected to succeed (Kcolam- padius as antistes of the district and professor of theology, a choice which met with Erasmus's disapproval. His great labor was the reform of the Swiss schools. In theology he mediated the views of Luther and Zwingli on the na- ture of the Lord's Supper, and linally came to a mystic interpretation of it. He wrote a Life of Zwingli (1532) and a conuncntary on Mark's (iospel (1538). Consult Hagenbach, OckoUimpiid und Oairnld Ui/conius, die licfonnatoren Jiascli (Elberfeld. 18.59). MY'CORRHI'ZA (XeoLat.. from Gk. mwijs, mid^i's- fungus -f p,'fa, rhi:ii. root). The whole structure formed bv the intimate association of MYCORRniZA. a. Root and rootleta of C:irplnu8 Itetulus, showing: th© coralloM e!inrftct4T «>f inycorrlilza. h. End "if rnot of tlip hppch ifuiriis sylvniira), nhowing mat of fiiiijuruH ttiivudH : more LiiK^ily iimgnlflpd than a.