Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/227

* MUSIN. 189 MUSKHOGEAN STOCK. studied at the Conseivatoiy of that city under Heyuberg and Lounaid, luUowcd the hitter to the Paris Conservatory, where, in 1808, he won a goUl medal, and taught for a year before leav- ing on his Eurojx'an and American concert tours that ultimately led him round tlic world. In ISOS he became violin professor at the Li6ge Con- servatory, but continued to spend much time in the United States. MUSK, or MTJSK DEER (OF., Fr. muse, from Lat. iiiuscus, from Gk. /iio-xos, moschos, from .r., Pers. musk, music, from Skt. musica, testicle, mouse, from )"»•«, to steal). An aber- rant deer of the subfamily iloschiniF, which dif- fers from ordinary deer in the lack of antlers; in the possession by the male of long upper canines, which project downward outside the lips; and in certain anatomical features. Hence there has been nuich discussion whether the animal should be included in the Cervidae. There is only one spe- cies, Moschus moschiferus, of the high Hima- layas, Tibet, and Eastern Siberia — a small ani- mal, which stands about 20 inches high and has a clumsy form. Its favorite haunts are the tops of pine-covered mountains, but its summer range extends far above the region of ])ines. Its habits are nocturnal and solitary, and it is extremely timid. It is much pursued by liunters on ac- count of its odoriferous secretion, which has been known in Europe since the eighth century, and is much valued as a perfume. JIuSK. This secretion is produced in a glandu- lar pouch situated on the hinder part of the abdomen of the males, and its natural use seems to be that of increasing sexual attractiveness. The musk-bag. or 'pod,' is formed by an infolding of a portion of the skin of the belly, within which a numljer of membranes are contained, and be- tween these membranes are glands by which the musk is secreted. When newly taken from the animal, musk is soft and almost resembles an ointment ; it is reddish-brown, and has an excess- ively powerful odor. Very little of it reaches Europe unadulterated, ilusk is usually imported either in the form of 'grain-mtisk.' that is. the musk which has been collected chiefly from stones upon which it has been deposited by the animal, in which state it is a coarse powder of a dark-brown color; or in the 'pod.' dried with the musk inside. Of both kinds the annual im- jiortations to the United States are about 15,000 ounces, chiefly from China and India. Small ipiantities are used in medicine, but the greater Iiart is employed by perfiuners. The kinds gen- erally known in trade are the Tonquin or Chinese, and the Carbardine, Kabardine, or Siberian, which is inferior. Genuine musk has the valuable property of adding to the permanency of other odors. On account of its properties as a stimu- lant and antispasmodic, it is also tised to some extent in medicine. See Perfi'mkry. Bibliography. Lydekker. Den- of AU Lands (London, 1S98) : Flower, a monograph in Pro- crrrJiiifls of the Zofilofiiral ^ocieti/ of London, 1S7."). See Plate of Fallow* Deeb, MrsK. etc. MtrSKAT, mus-kat'. A town of .rabia. See MrsCAT. MTISK DUCK. (DA very large Australian sea-duck iBi:iiira lobnln). which has a musky odor. The male is decidedly bigger than the female and has a lobe of skin depending from its chin. (2) The Muscovy duck. MUSKEGON, mus-ke'gOn. A city and the county-seal uf .Muskegon County, Mich., 40 miles nortlnvest of Grand liapids; on Muskegon Lake, which is connected with Lake Michigan by a channel 200 feet wide and of ample depth for large vessels, and on three branclics of the Pere Marquette, the Grand Kapids and Indiana, and the Toledo, Saginaw and -Muskegon railroads (Jlap: Michigan, Go). Through the liberality of one of its citizens the city enjoys numerous gifts — a manual training scliool, a public library, a gj'mnasium, a square, which is the site of a handsome soldiers' moiiinuent and of several bronze statues, and a liosiiital — for the mainte- nance of which also the donor lias made ample provision, iluskegon has one of the linest har- bors on Lake Jlichigan, open the entire year, which is in daily steamboat communication with Chicago, Milwaukee, and other lake ports. It carries on a large trade in lumber, fruit, celery, and other garden truck, and in the principal manufactures of the place, which include flour, paper, knit goods, furniture, refrigerators, cur- tain rollers, pianos, chemical engines, electric cranes, beer, and iron and tinplate products. The government is administered, under a charter of 1897, by a mayor, annually elected, a unicameral council, and subordinate municipal oliicers, chosen by the people. The city owns and operates the water-works. Though a trading post was here established in 1812, Muskegon was not perma- nently settled until 1834. In 1861 it was incor- porated as a village, and eight years later was chartered as a citv. Population, in 1890, 22,702; in 1900, 20.818. MUSKELLUNGE, miis'ke-lunj. A common variant of maskinonge (q.v. ). MUSKET. See Small Arms. MUSKHOGEAN (mus-ko'gj-du) STOCK. A North American Indian stock which derives its name from Muscogee, the principal tribe of the Creek confederacy. ( See CreeivS. ) This is one of the most important linguistic stocks of the United States. It formerly occupied the greater portion of the territory of the Gulf States east of the Mississippi, and comprised the Creek, Choctaw- Chickasaw, Seminole, Apalachee. and a number of smaller tribes and bands, speaking perhaps five distinct languages, with several minor dia- lects. The difference was greatest between the Muscogee and the Choctaw proper, of which the Chickasaw was a dialectic form. The Seminole is a mixed dialect, based cliiefly upon Hichitee, the prevailing language of the "Lower Creeks,' formerly residing on the Chattahoochee River. The old Mohilian trade language (q.v.) was based upon Choctaw. According to their traditions the !Muskhogean tribes came from the West and Northwest, and those who formerly resided nearest the Missis- sippi, as the Choctaw and Chickasaw, have a clear tradition of having crossed that stream to enter their later territory. The migration must have occurred at a very early period, and they appear to have found the country occupied by other tribes whom tlicv conqiiered and ab- sorbed. Their authentic history begins with the first landing of the Spaniards on the Gulf coast under Narvaez in ry27. Thirteen years later De Soto traversed their eounlry from east to west, finding the various tribes in practically the same positions which they occupied up to the period