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* MURRAY. 147 MURRAY. and was succeeded in due time by his son John (1778-18431. One of the earliest hits of John the second was Mrs. Eundall's Domestic Cookery (1808), which had been through sixty-live edi- tions by 1S41. With the coiipcration of Scott, Canning, and others, he founded the Quarterly Review, a Tory organ, in opposition to the Whig i:iliiibur(]'h Rerieie, then at the height of its inlluence. The first number was published Febnuiry 1. 1800, under tlie editorshi]) of William Gilford. The new periodical was completely suc- cessful, and lirought Jlurraj- into communication not only with the chief writers, but also with the conservative statesmen of the time. A still more fortunate acqmiintance was that with Lord Byron, whose C'hilde Harold (first two cantos) ■was published by ilurray in 1812. JIurray now removed from Fleet Street to AUiemarle Street, where the business is still carried on. Almost all the literary magnates of the day were four o'clock visitors in Albemarle Street. Murray paid Byron nearly £20,000 for his works, and his dealings with Crabbe. Moore, Campbell, and Irving were princely. The second John Murray died in 1843. and was succeeded by his son, John JlrRR.w the third, who was born in 1808. He was educated first at the Charter House, and afterwards at Edinburgh I'niversity. JIany great works in history, biography, travel, art, and science were issued by the third JIurray. Among his successes were Livingstone's Trai-els and Last Journals^; Smiles's Life of George Stephenson : and Darwin's Orif/in of S/teeics by Xatural Heleetion. At his death (April 2. 1892) he was succeeded by his son, the fourth John Murray (born in 1851). Consult Smiles, A Publisher and His Friends (London, 1891). MURRAY, Sir John (1841—). An English naturalist and oceanographer. He was born at Coburg, Ontario, studied at Victoria College there and at the University of Edinburgh, and devoted himself to natural science. In ISliS he went through the Arctic regions on a whaler studying fauna and flora: from 1872 to 187G was a natu- ralist of the Challenger expedition; and after six years' service as assistant became editor of the scientific reports of the Challenger voyage. He contributed to the Xarralire of the Cruise of H..1/.-S'. Challenger (1882-85) and wrote the Chal- lenger Report on Deep-Sea Deposits, with Renard (1890). ilurray was knighted in 1898. MURRAY, John Clark (1836—). A writer on pliilosophv and ethics, born at Paisley, Scot- land. :larch'l!l, 1830. He studied at Glasgow, Edinburgli. (iottingen. and Heidelberg. In 1802 he became professor of mental and moral philos- ophy in Qvieen's L'niversity. Kingston. Canada, and in 1872 he was called to a similar chair in McGill University, Montreal. He is author of An Outline of Hir William Hamilton's I'hilosopliii (1870); the Ballads and Songs of Sr(rtl<nid (1874) ; Memoir of David Murray (1881) ; Hand- book of Psychology (1885); Solomon Mainion, an Autobiography, translated from the German (1SS8I : and an introduction to Ethics (1891). MURRAY, LiNDLET (1745-182G). An Eng- lish grammarian, born at Swatara. Lancaster County. Pa.. April 22. 1745. He was educated at an academy of the Society of Friends, and. on his father's removal to New York, was placed in a comting-houBe, from which he escaped to a school in New Jersey. He afterwards studied law and had a good practice in New York. Dur- ing the Revolutioiuiry War he engaged in trade with such success as to aeciinuilate a handsome fortune. His hejilth failing, he went to England ami purchased an estate at lloldgate, near York, where he devoted himself to literary pursuits and botany. His garden rivaled the Royal Gardens at Kew. In 1787 he published his J'oaer of Religion on the Mind, which passed through twenty editions. His Grammar of the Engli.sh Language was issued in 1795, and was followed by English Exercises, the Key, the Eng- lish Reader, Introdnclion and Sequel, and a Spelling Hook, which went through some fifty editions. Murray died February Ifl. 1826. Con- sult the Monoir of Murraii, containing an auto- biography by Frank (York, 1826), and Life by Egle (New'i'ork. 1885). MURRAY, or MORAY, Sir Robert ( ?- 1073). A Scotcli statesman. He was educated at Saint Andrews University, entered the French army, and, through the influence of Richelieu, rose" to the rank of colonel. He was chosen secret envoy to negotiate a treaty between Scotland and France, and while at Newcastle in December, 1646, formed a plan for the escape of Charles L, which came to nothing through the King's ir- resolution. In 1651 he was appointed justice- clerk, and soon afterwards «as nuade a Privy Councilor and a Lord of the Session, but never took his seat upon the bench. After the Restora- tion as Lord of Exchequer and Deputy Secretary he was one of the triumvirate, the other two members of which were Lauderdale and the King, that ruled Scotland from 1663 till 1670. He was one of the founders of the Royal Society, the oldest .scientific society in Great Britain. As a chemist and musician he had considerable repu- tation in his time. MURRAY, WiLLl.M, first Earl of Mansfield. An English jurist. See Mansfield, William iluKRAY, First Earl of. MURRAY. William Henbt Harrison (1840- 1904 ) . An American clergyman, lecturer, and man of business. He was born at Guilford. Conn., and was graduated from Yale College in 1862. From 1868 to 1872 he was pastor of the Park Street Church, Boston, and during his incum- bency he gave several series of popular sermons, or Sunday evening lectures, before large audiences in Music Hall. and later published these discourses in two volumes, Mnsie Hall Sermons (1870-73). He subsequently withdrew from the ministry, and later followed a varied career in business, lectur- ing, and writing. In addition to several vol- umes of sermons and tales, he wrote Adven- tures in the Wilderne.<is. or Camp Life in the Adirondack Mountains (1868); The Perfect Horse (1873); Adirondack Tales (1877); and other stories. MURRAY, William Vans (1762-1803). An American diplomat, b(U-n in Cambridge. Somerset Couity. ild. He received a classical academic education in America, and in 1783 w.ent to Lon- don, where he studied law for two years in the Inner Temple. Returning to Maryland in 1785, lie was admitted to the bar. and began the jirac- tice of his profession, in which he soon attained prominence. From 1791 to 1797 he was a Fed- eralist member of Congress. In 1797 he W'as appointed by President Washington United States Minister to the Netherlands, and in 1799, with