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* MURPHY. MUR'PHY, Artul'b (1727-1805). A British aclor aud playwright, born at Clomquin, Kos- foiiimon, Ireland, December 27, 1727. Having studied at the English college at Saint Omer in France (1738-47), he became a clerk to a merchant in Cork (1747-49), and worked in a London banking house (1740-.51). Turning to literature, lie started the (rray's Inn Journal (1752-54) in imitation of Addison's Spectator. In 1754 he appeared at Covent Garden as Othello. In this and other parts' he was moderately suc- cessful. Beginning with T]ie Apprentice (1756), he wrote many farces and clever satires, mostly adapted from the French, and tried his hand at several tragedies. Among his many miscellaneous works are an edition of Fielding with a memoir (17ti2), an essay on Dr. Johnson (1792), a translation of Tacitus (179.'!), and a Life of Gar- rick ( 1801 ) . lie died ,Tune 18, 1805, at Kniglits- bridge. His plays and early essays were col- lected (8 vols., London, 1786), and his life was written by J. Foot (ib., 1811). MURPHY, Fhancis (183G— ). An American tenipcraiue evangelist, born in Wexford, Ireland. He served in the Federal army during the Civil War. Beginning in 1870 at Portland. Me., he started temperance reform clubs throughout that State, and was their first president. His licad- quarters were in Pittsburg. Pa., and after his first addresses there in 1876. 45.000 people signed the pledge, a number that was soon increased to 10.000.000, as a result of his ministrations in diil'erent parts of the I'nited States. He labored also in England, and he acted as chaplain in the 8panisli-.merican War. MURPHY, llE.NHY Cruse ( 1810-82 |. An .Xmi'rican politician and historian, born in Brook- lyn, N. Y. He graduated at Columbia College in 1830, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Brooklyn, where he became city attorney and, in 1842, jlayor. The next year he became a mem- ber of Congi'ess. .t the expiration of his term he was elected a delegate to the Xew York State Constitutional Convention of 1846. In 1847 he was again sent to Congress, and in 1852 was a jjrominent candidate for the Democratic nomina- tion for President. In 1857 President Buchanan appointed him Minister to Holland, where he remained until IH6I. He was for a time an editor of the Broohlifti Eagle, but he is perhaps best known for his researches in the early colonial history of Xew York, which led to the discovery and publication of many interesting and important documents. Probably the most valuable of these is De Vries's loi/aiirs from Holland lo America, 1633 to Iti'i'i (185.'?). which he translated from the Dutch. During his resi- dence at The Hague as American Minister he printed for private distribution two monographs, TJcnri/ Ihiilxon in Holland: Origin and Objects of the Votfafic ^'hirh I,ed to the Di-icorcri/ of the Hudson Hirer (1859) ; and Jaeoh Kleendnm, och Vasatrr. A Memoir of the f'irst Port in yew yetherland. nilh ni,i Poems. Deseriplire of the Colonii (IS61). The latter of these was reprinted in his Anlholoqi/ of Xeir yelherlnnd : or. Translations from the Earhi Dutch Poets of Xeir Yorh. ir^lh Memoirs of Their Lircs. issued by Ibi- r.iadfnrd Club in 1S75. MURPHY, .Tames C.RArEY (ISOS-). An Tri-ili Presliytcrian cleriij'inan. born at Ballval- tikilikan, County Down. He graduated at Trin- 144 ity MURRAY. College, Dublin, in 1833, was appointed min- ister at Mllyshanuon in 1836, became classical headmaster at the Koyal Belfast Academical In- stitution in 1841, and professor of Hebrew at the Prcbytorian College of Belfast in 1841. He published a number of volumes, among them a Latin Grammar (1847); a Hebrew llrammar (1857): The Human Mind (1873); and com- mentaries on (1864) Genesis, (1866) Exodus, (1872) Leviticus, (1875) the Psalms, and (1882) Revelation. MURPHY, .John Francis (1853—). An American landscape painter. He was born in Oswego, X. Y., studied art by himself, and first exhibited in 1876 at the Xational Academy, of which he was elected an associate and later an Academician, ilurphy worked both in oils and water colors. Among his paintings are; "Sultry Season" (1884) : ■•The Yellow Leaf" (1885) ; and "Sundown" (1886). Ills work is exceptional for the beauty of its coloring. MURTHYSBORO. A city and the county- seat of .Jackson County, III.. 86 miles southeast of .Saint Louis. Mo.; on the Big iluddy River and on the Illinois Central, the ilobile and Ohio, and the Saint Louis Valley railroads (Jlap: Illinois, C 6). It is the centre of a farming district that has considerable mineral wealth, particularly deposits of coal, and carries on a trade of .some importance. There are manufac- tures of flour, lumbei', beer, foundry and ma- chiiic-slinp products, brick, etc. Population, in ISHO, 3SS0; in 1900, 6463. MURRAIN, mv'ir'rin (OF. marine, from Lat. mori, Skt. mar, to die). A general term loosely used to designate a, variety of disea.ses of domes- tic animals, but more correctly restricted to the vesicular ejiizoiitic, popularly known as foot-and- mouth disease. 'Bloody murrain' is sometimes used referring to anthrax, and 'dry murrain' is similarly applied to Te.xas fever. MUR'RAY, Alexander (1755-1821). An Aiiicricaii naval ollicer. born at Chestertown, Md. At the outbreak of the Revolution he received a commission in the navy, but while waiting for a ship served, during 1776-77, as lieutenant and captain in the First Maryland Regiment, and participated in the operations around Xew Y'^ork. In the latter part of 1777 he commanded the Herenge with letters of marque to prey on Brit- ish commerce. He was captured, but after ex- change served on board the Trumhull. and was again captured. When exchanged again he com- manded a ])riyatcer and afterwards served on the Alliance. When the na'y was reorganized in 1798 he was one of the first six captains ap- pointed, and commanded the Montezuma during the troubles with France. He was transferred to the Constellalion and saw some service in the Mediterranean during the war with Tripoli. MURRAY, Ar,EXAN-nEii (1775-1813). A lin- gili-l, >nii nf a sliepherd. born at Diinkitlerick, Kirkcudbrightshire. Octolier 22. 1775. Murray taught himself French. Latin. Greek, and He- brew: made his way through Edinburgh Uni- versity, became ])arish minister of I'rr in his native shire (180SIK and (irofessor of Oriental languages in Edinburgh Cniversity (1812). He died .pril 15, 1SL1. Murray edited in a thor- oiiL'b manner Bruce's Trarels (1805; new ed. ISl."?) ; wrote for his students Outlines of Orien- I