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* MUNNICH. 130 MUNSELL. ferrcd on Anna Kailovna. mother of Ivan, the younf; lioir to the throne, anil .Miinnieli be- came Chief Minister and the most pouerfnl man in Russia. After the conp ilV'tat which placed Klizabelh Petrovna on the throne (1741), Jlun- nich was a nested, and the sentence of death passed upon him was chanfred only at the foot of the scalVohl to exile in !>il)eria. where he re- mained for twenty years. Peter 111. restored to him his estates in 17U2, and he was made direc- tor-general of the Baltic ports by the Empress Catharine. Consult: llalem, (leschichlc dcfi Feldmaischalh Crafen Mihinich (Oldenburg, new ed., 1838). MUNOZ, MiTTn'nyoth. Juan Baitist. (1745- 99). . Spanisli historian, born at Mu.seros, Va- lencia, and educated at the University of Valen- cia. His leadinj; work was Hixtoiiii del niicvo mundo (1793), which Charles 111. had commis- sioned him to write. It follows the cour.se of American discovery down to 1500. The council of the Indies, to which he had been njipointed cos- mographer (1770). forbade its piblication: but Charles IV. .sanclioiicd it. dc>pite tlic author's revelations concerniuf; the atrocious treatment of the aborigines by Spaniards in the Xew World. Some writings of Mufioz are to be found in vol. Ixii. of the liihiiotrca dc atitores csptii'iolrs and elsewhere in the collections of the Academy of History. Madrid, but many of his manuscripts were burned in the library of 'alencia when that city was stormed by the French (1812). MXTNRO', Hftiii Andrew- Jouxstoxk (1819- 85). An eminent Knglish classical scludar. He was born in Klgin. Scotland, was educated at Trinity College. Cambridge, and was from 18(i9 to 1872 the first university professor of Latin at Cam- bridge. His edition of Lucretius (4th ed. 188.")). with commentarj- jnd prose translation, remains one of tile standard English contributions to Latin scholarshi|i. His edition of Horace ( 1808), containing a valuable introduction, and his Criti- cisms and IChiciilntious of Cuttilhis (1878) are also highly esteemed. He contributed to the Journal of I'hilolo;/!/ and other learned periodi- cals, and wrote nuich Greek and Latin verse. MTJNRO, Xeil (1804—). An English nov- elist. biiiTi at Inveraray, in Arg-llshire, Scotland, .Iiinc .i. 1S04. He was educated at the parish school, and sul)sei|uently entered the ollice of the Olas'_'ow Krcniuii Vcii-.v. He is the author of admiralile tales and romances dealing with life in the Scottish Highlands. They include: The Lost Pibroch (1890); John Splendid, which gained him his reputation (1898); (lilinn, the rirnnifr I 1S90) : and Poom Castle (1901). MUNRO, Sir Thomas (17011827). A Scot- tish major-general. Governor of Madras, boni and edvicated in Glasgow. He was noted as a civil ruler, beginning with his ai>pointnient to the newly aopiired district of TJaramahal. .fter- wnrds he was made Governor of (^inara. and then of Ballnri. Cuddapah. Karnid. an<l the Palnad, where his wi<e rule was most cfTeclive in quell- ing disorder. He established the ryotwar sy-itcm of land tenure now in vogue throughout a large part of Brilisb ln<lia. whereby peasants may hold property by paying a land tax to the State. In 1819 20 be was Governor of Madras. MUNROE, mfln-rcV, Ciiaries EnWARn (1849 — ). An American chemist and educator. He was born at Cambridge, ilass. ; graduated from the Lawrence Scientific School in 1871, and in the same year became assistant in chemistry. Fiom 1874 to 1880 he was professor of chemistry at the United States Xaval Academy, and then de- voted himself to the study of explosives. In 1886 he was ajipointcd chemist to the torpedo corps at Newport. R. I., and in 1892 received a chair in chemistry and the post of senior dean in Cuhuu- bian University, jlunroe invented a smokeless powder, and attained an international reputa- tion as an autluu'ity on explosives. His publi- cations include An Index to the Literature of Ex- plosives (1880). MUNROE, IviKK (1856—). An American writer uf liooks for boys, born near Prairie du Chien, is. He studied civil engineering at Har- vard, and while professionally engaged on the routes of the Northern and the Southern Pacific railways gained material fiu' many of his tales. Afterwards he worked for v:uious newspapers in New York City, and was the first editor of Har- per's Young People (1879-82), but on his mar- riage with a daughter of Amelia Barr, the novel- ist, went to reside in sotithern Florida, a district that colored his writings, which include: The Flamingo Feather (1887): Dory Hales (1889) ; The Fur Seal's Tooth (1893) ; At ]Var With Pontiac (1895) : With Croelett and lionic (1897) : Under the Great Pear (1900) ; and The Belt of Seren Totems (1901 ). MTJN'SEE. A subtribe of the Delaware (q.v.), originally- constituting one of the three great divisions of that tribe and dwelling along the upper streams of the Delaware River, ;uid the adjacent country in New York, New .lersey, and Pennsylvania. They were considered the most warlike portion of the tribe and assumed the leadership in war councils. From their prin- cipal totem they were frequently called the Wolf tribe of the Delaware. They were jjrominent in the early history of New York and New .Torsey, being among the first trilies of that region to meet the whites. By a noted fraudulent treaty known as the Walking Purchase, the main body was forced to remove from the Delaware Kiver about the year 1740. They settled on the Susqu(^ hanna, on lands assigned them by the Iroquois, but soon afterwards moved w-estward and joined the main Delaware tribe on the Ohio River, with whom the greater portion eventually became incorporated. A considerable body, who were converted by the Moravian missionaries, drew off from the rest and formed a separate or- ganization, most of them remm ing to Canada during the Revolution. Others joined the Ojiliwa and Stoekbridge Indians. The majority were in- corporated in the Delaware, with whom they par- ticipated in their subsequent wars and removals. Those who still keep the name of Munsee are in tliree bands, two of which are consolidated with other tribal fragments, so that no separate cen.sus is available. These tribes are the Munsec>^ of the Thames, Ontario. Canada. 120: Munsee (or Chris- tian), and Chippewa, northeastern Kansas, 90; and Stoekbridge and ^lunsee. Green Bay .g(Miey, Wis.. 530. Those of the I'nitcd Stat<s are official- ly reported as civilized and entirely competent to manaire (heir own afTairs. The mixed band in Kaii~n^ ba- di-^-olved tribal relations. MUNSELL, mun'sel. .ToEt. (180880). . American editor, publisher, and antiquary, born