Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/140

* MUNICH. 110 MUNICH. new Gotliic Rathaus, an attractive building com- pleted in 1874. Tliu picture and sculpture collections of Munich arc famous. The building of the Old Pinakothek, situated in the northern section of the city, not far from the royal palace, was constructed in lS2ti-.'?(i. in the Kenaissancc style. It is about 174 yards long, and is cinbellislii'd on the exterior by statues by .Sclnvanlhuler. It contains about 1400 canvases. Almost all the great masters of paintings since Kaphael's time are represented here by works of the highest e.cellence. The greatest gems perhaps are Diirer's Saints Peter, John, I'aul, and Mark; several portraits and other pictures by Rubens, including the "Battle of the Amazons," the "Massacre of the Innocents," and the "Lion Hunt;" Perugino's "Virgin and Saint Rernard;" Raphael's "Madonna Tempi;" and .Murillii's •Two Beggar Boys Eating Fruit." The Old I'inakothek contains in addition valuable cal)inets of vases ; also engravings and drawings. Its loggie are decorated by Cornelius. Adjacent on the north is the New Pinakothek. with a good collection of modern artists, mostly Bavarian. There are about 700 works. Here is found also an antiquariuni with fine bronzes and terracottas principally from Rome and Greece. In the vicinity is also the (ilyptothek — containing mainly a col- lection of ancient statuary. The edilice is of a classic and imposing Ionic ]iattern. graced with columns and artistically embellislied. It has Assyrian and Eg^•ptian departments, as well a.s departments devoted to excellent Greek and Roman examples and to incunabula. The highly l)rized collection of marbles from the island of .-Egina is also in the (ilyptothek. Its most valu- able sculpture perhaps is the Greek Barberini Faun (».f. :100). In connection with the realm of art in Munich may be mentioned the Kunstgewerbehaus; also the Academy of Art, an and)itious edifice in Italian Renaissance, completed in 1S8."). The ar- tisl.s of Munich maintain in the so-called Exhibi- tion Building (finished in 1S4.5) a permanent ex- hibition of their paintings exposed for sale. The Bavarian National Museum, founded in 185.5, and housed in a fine edifice, is of great value. Among its numerous colh'ctions covering many departments of human endeavor, the most valu- able ))erhaps arc the art wiuks of the mcdiieval Renaissame and modern |)criods. The Schwan- thaler Museum contains models of the ma.stcr's works. A noteworthy picture collection also is the Schaek Gallery, possessing choice originals, and interesting copies of the great masters by many of Germany's foremost modern painters. Other museums are the collection of pictures and drawings left by the painter Kaulbaeh. and the Lotzbeck museum of pictures and marldes. ^lunieh i.'* celebrated also as a musical centre, especially for German operas. The National Theater is one of the most important of modern operatic institutions. lndn;.' inlimalcly idcntifieil with the Wagner inlluence and tradition. Among the many nmnuments not already men- tioned are those of Louis I., Schiller. (Muck. Schelling, I'rannhofer, Gilrtner; the large and striking monument to Maximilian 11.. dating from IS7.">: the fine statue of Elector Maximilian 1., after plans by Thorwaldsen : an obelisk miidr of the metal of eaidured cannon, and erected to the memory of the Bavarian soldiers who died in the war with Russia; the fine monument to Liebig, the chemist; the new and splendid Wit- telsbach fountain; also the bronze Fischbrunneu, associated with the Butchers' Festivals. The Church of Saint Michael contains a fine monu- ment by Tlinrwaldsen to Eugfene Beauharnais. The Siegestlior — (jatc of Victory — constructed in 1843 in honor of the Bavarian Army, is a splen- did arch patterned after that of Constantine at Rome. It is surmounted by a huge figure of Bavaria. On the magnificent Kijnigsplatz, near the (ilyptothek. rises the Propyhea, an attractive portal completed with Doric and Ionic features in 1802 — a tribute to the cause of Gre<'k inde- pendence. Notable also is the ancient Isarllujr, with elaborate frescoes. Still otlu'r objects worthy of visit in Munich are the Bronze Foun- dry and the Royal Arsenal, with an interesting military museum, containing relics of the Na- poleonic wars. At the head of the educational institutions is the celebrated university. ( .See ^IvNlcii, Uni- VER.siTY OF). The city's educational .system is scarcely surpassed either for comprehensiveness or excellence. The Maximiliancum on the riglit bank is an institution founded In' Jlaximilian II. for advanced civil service instruction. It is surround- ed liy attractive (Jastcig ]ilcasure grounds extend- ing along the river shore. The important Poly- technic Scho<d is in a line modern edifice. Near by is an art industrial school. There are aUo in the city a military academy and a military school, an academy of science with noteworthy collections, and numerous organizations for the development of all the chief branches of knowlcdae and its application. Of the many valuable li- braries, the Royal Library is by far the most important. Its sjiacious Florentine building was constructed after 18.'i:i. and possesses a magnifi- cent staircase. Tlic library is one of the largest in the world. It contains some 1,350.000 vol- umes, and over 30.000 manuscripts. It is espe- cially rich in German documents and scholastic literature, possessing some of the rarest of liter- ary e<litions and other specimens, including a translation of Boccaccio, a codex aureus (in gold letters and dating l)efore 900), and Four Books of (iospels. In this library, also, arc the archives of Bavaria — a collection of 500.000 documents. The city has a botanic garden, and a crystal palace, where expositions are lield. Industrially, Munich is imiiorlant and prosper- ous. Its iron, bronze, and bell foundries, its litho- graph and engraving cs(al)lisliuu'nts. its optical and mechanical instrument factories are cele- brated, as are its enormous breweries (some 45 in number), which have made the city famims for excellent beer. The large, palatial llofbriiuhiiuser are a feature of the city's social life. The other manufactures comprise cotton, wool, and damask goods, wax-cloth, leather, paper-hangings, carriages, pianos, gold and silver articles, ma- chinery, sleid wares, etc. In its manufaituring and Commercial interests the city has madi> •;reat strides in very recent times. Beer is tlic cliief export. .Also grain, hojis. coal, wool, furniture, carpets, and art goods figure in the shipments. Miuiich has a network of canals for tralTic — over 100 miles in length. Numerous important in- ilustrial and conunercial unions and associations are established here. Munich is the seat of all the important Gov-